| @c Copyright (C) 2006-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| @c This is part of the GAS manual. |
| @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. |
| |
| @ifset GENERIC |
| @page |
| @node AVR-Dependent |
| @chapter AVR Dependent Features |
| @end ifset |
| |
| @ifclear GENERIC |
| @node Machine Dependencies |
| @chapter AVR Dependent Features |
| @end ifclear |
| |
| @cindex AVR support |
| @menu |
| * AVR Options:: Options |
| * AVR Syntax:: Syntax |
| * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes |
| * AVR Pseudo Instructions:: Pseudo Instructions |
| @end menu |
| |
| @node AVR Options |
| @section Options |
| @cindex AVR options (none) |
| @cindex options for AVR (none) |
| |
| @table @code |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mmcu=@var{mcu} |
| Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. |
| |
| Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C |
| compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, |
| attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). |
| |
| Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to |
| 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343, |
| attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534, |
| at90s8535). |
| |
| Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory |
| space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313, |
| attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84, |
| attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, |
| attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, |
| attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272). |
| |
| Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program |
| memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711). |
| |
| Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program |
| memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320). |
| |
| Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP |
| instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162, |
| atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505). |
| |
| Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program |
| memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8, |
| atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, |
| atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, |
| ata6285, ata6286). |
| |
| Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program |
| memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, |
| atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a, |
| atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa, |
| atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, |
| atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323, |
| atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p, |
| atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, |
| atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, |
| atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a, |
| atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, |
| atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, |
| atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, |
| atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb, |
| atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161, |
| at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, |
| atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, |
| at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795). |
| |
| Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K |
| program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280, |
| atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2, |
| atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000). |
| |
| Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC |
| (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K |
| program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: |
| atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1, |
| atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5, |
| atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K |
| of combined program memory and RAM, and with program memory |
| visible in the RAM address space (MCU types: |
| attiny212, attiny214, attiny412, attiny414, attiny416, attiny417, |
| attiny814, attiny816, attiny817, attiny1614, attiny1616, attiny1617, |
| attiny3214, attiny3216, attiny3217). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K |
| program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: |
| atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3, |
| atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K |
| program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: |
| atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than |
| 64K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: |
| atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4, |
| atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3, |
| atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b, |
| atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3, |
| atxmega256d3). |
| |
| Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than |
| 64K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: |
| atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u). |
| |
| Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40 |
| microcontrollers. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mall-opcodes |
| Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mno-skip-bug |
| This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mno-wrap |
| This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mrmw} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mrmw |
| Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mlink-relax} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mlink-relax |
| Enable support for link-time relaxation. This is now on by default |
| and this flag no longer has any effect. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mno-link-relax} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mno-link-relax |
| Disable support for link-time relaxation. The assembler will resolve |
| relocations when it can, and may be able to better compress some debug |
| information. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mgcc-isr} command-line option, AVR |
| @item -mgcc-isr |
| Enable the @code{__gcc_isr} pseudo instruction. |
| |
| @cindex @code{-mno-dollar-line-separator} command line option, AVR |
| @item -mno-dollar-line-separator |
| Do not treat the @code{$} character as a line separator character. |
| This is for languages where @code{$} is valid character inside symbol |
| names. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| |
| @node AVR Syntax |
| @section Syntax |
| @menu |
| * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters |
| * AVR-Regs:: Register Names |
| * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers |
| @end menu |
| |
| @node AVR-Chars |
| @subsection Special Characters |
| |
| @cindex line comment character, AVR |
| @cindex AVR line comment character |
| |
| The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a |
| comment that extends to the end of that line. |
| |
| If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line |
| is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a |
| logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor |
| control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). |
| |
| @cindex line separator, AVR |
| @cindex statement separator, AVR |
| @cindex AVR line separator |
| |
| The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate |
| statements. Note: the @option{-mno-dollar-line-separator} option |
| disables this behaviour. |
| |
| @node AVR-Regs |
| @subsection Register Names |
| |
| @cindex AVR register names |
| @cindex register names, AVR |
| |
| The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, |
| @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. |
| Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address |
| register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address |
| pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in |
| Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit |
| @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. |
| |
| @smallexample |
| X = @r{r26:r27} |
| Y = @r{r28:r29} |
| Z = @r{r30:r31} |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @node AVR-Modifiers |
| @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers |
| |
| @cindex AVR modifiers |
| @cindex syntax, AVR |
| |
| The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses |
| in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: |
| |
| @smallexample |
| modifier(relocatable-expression) |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @table @code |
| @cindex symbol modifiers |
| |
| @item lo8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of |
| an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| |
| @item hi8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression |
| as an 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the |
| AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. |
| |
| For example |
| |
| @smallexample |
| ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) |
| ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @item hh8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of |
| an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. |
| |
| @item hlo8 |
| |
| Synonym of @samp{hh8}. |
| |
| @item hhi8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of |
| an expression as an 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the |
| AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, |
| @samp{hhi8}, modifier. |
| |
| For example |
| |
| @smallexample |
| ldi r26, lo8(285774925) |
| ldi r27, hi8(285774925) |
| ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) |
| ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) |
| ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @item pm_lo8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of |
| an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from |
| Flash/Program memory by two-byte words. The use of @samp{pm_lo8} |
| is similar to @samp{lo8}. |
| |
| @item pm_hi8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of |
| an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from |
| Flash/Program memory by two-byte words. |
| |
| For example, when setting the AVR @samp{Z} register with the @samp{ldi} |
| instruction for subsequent use by the @samp{ijmp} instruction: |
| |
| @smallexample |
| ldi r30, pm_lo8(sym) |
| ldi r31, pm_hi8(sym) |
| ijmp |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @item pm_hh8 |
| |
| This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of |
| an address expression as an 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| This modifier is useful for addressing data or code from |
| Flash/Program memory by two-byte words. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| @node AVR Opcodes |
| @section Opcodes |
| |
| @cindex AVR opcode summary |
| @cindex opcode summary, AVR |
| @cindex mnemonics, AVR |
| @cindex instruction summary, AVR |
| For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see |
| @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. |
| |
| @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. |
| The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. |
| |
| @smallexample |
| @i{Legend:} |
| r @r{any register} |
| d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} |
| v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} |
| a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} |
| w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} |
| e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} |
| b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} |
| z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} |
| M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} |
| n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} |
| s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} |
| P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} |
| p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} |
| K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} |
| i @r{immediate value} |
| l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} |
| L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} |
| h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} |
| S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} |
| ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} |
| |
| 1001010010001000 clc |
| 1001010011011000 clh |
| 1001010011111000 cli |
| 1001010010101000 cln |
| 1001010011001000 cls |
| 1001010011101000 clt |
| 1001010010111000 clv |
| 1001010010011000 clz |
| 1001010000001000 sec |
| 1001010001011000 seh |
| 1001010001111000 sei |
| 1001010000101000 sen |
| 1001010001001000 ses |
| 1001010001101000 set |
| 1001010000111000 sev |
| 1001010000011000 sez |
| 100101001SSS1000 bclr S |
| 100101000SSS1000 bset S |
| 1001010100001001 icall |
| 1001010000001001 ijmp |
| 1001010111001000 lpm ? |
| 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z |
| 1001010111011000 elpm ? |
| 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z |
| 0000000000000000 nop |
| 1001010100001000 ret |
| 1001010100011000 reti |
| 1001010110001000 sleep |
| 1001010110011000 break |
| 1001010110101000 wdr |
| 1001010111101000 spm |
| 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r |
| 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r |
| 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r |
| 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r |
| 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r |
| 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r |
| 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r |
| 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r |
| 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r |
| 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r |
| 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r |
| 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r |
| 001001rdddddrrrr clr r |
| 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r |
| 000111rdddddrrrr rol r |
| 001000rdddddrrrr tst r |
| 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M |
| 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n |
| 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M |
| 11101111dddd1111 ser d |
| 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M |
| 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M |
| 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M |
| 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M |
| 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M |
| 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s |
| 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s |
| 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s |
| 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s |
| 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P |
| 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r |
| 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K |
| 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K |
| 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s |
| 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s |
| 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s |
| 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s |
| 111101lllllll000 brcc l |
| 111100lllllll000 brcs l |
| 111100lllllll001 breq l |
| 111101lllllll100 brge l |
| 111101lllllll101 brhc l |
| 111100lllllll101 brhs l |
| 111101lllllll111 brid l |
| 111100lllllll111 brie l |
| 111100lllllll000 brlo l |
| 111100lllllll100 brlt l |
| 111100lllllll010 brmi l |
| 111101lllllll001 brne l |
| 111101lllllll010 brpl l |
| 111101lllllll000 brsh l |
| 111101lllllll110 brtc l |
| 111100lllllll110 brts l |
| 111101lllllll011 brvc l |
| 111100lllllll011 brvs l |
| 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l |
| 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l |
| 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L |
| 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L |
| 1001010hhhhh111h call h |
| 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h |
| 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r |
| 1001010rrrrr0000 com r |
| 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r |
| 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r |
| 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r |
| 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r |
| 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r |
| 1001001rrrrr1111 push r |
| 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r |
| 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r |
| 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v |
| 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d |
| 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a |
| 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a |
| 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a |
| 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a |
| 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r |
| 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i |
| 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b |
| 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e |
| 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r |
| 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r |
| 1001010100011001 eicall |
| 1001010000011001 eijmp |
| @end smallexample |
| |
| @node AVR Pseudo Instructions |
| @section Pseudo Instructions |
| |
| The only available pseudo-instruction @code{__gcc_isr} can be activated by |
| option @option{-mgcc-isr}. |
| |
| @table @code |
| |
| @item __gcc_isr 1 |
| Emit code chunk to be used in avr-gcc ISR prologue. |
| It will expand to at most six 1-word instructions, all optional: |
| push of @code{tmp_reg}, push of @code{SREG}, |
| push and clear of @code{zero_reg}, push of @var{Reg}. |
| |
| @item __gcc_isr 2 |
| Emit code chunk to be used in an avr-gcc ISR epilogue. |
| It will expand to at most five 1-word instructions, all optional: |
| pop of @var{Reg}, pop of @code{zero_reg}, |
| pop of @code{SREG}, pop of @code{tmp_reg}. |
| |
| @item __gcc_isr 0, @var{Reg} |
| Finish avr-gcc ISR function. Scan code since the last prologue |
| for usage of: @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg}. |
| Prologue chunk and epilogue chunks will be replaced by appropriate code |
| to save / restore @code{SREG}, @code{tmp_reg}, @code{zero_reg} and @var{Reg}. |
| |
| @end table |
| |
| Example input: |
| |
| @example |
| __vector1: |
| __gcc_isr 1 |
| lds r24, var |
| inc r24 |
| sts var, r24 |
| __gcc_isr 2 |
| reti |
| __gcc_isr 0, r24 |
| @end example |
| |
| Example output: |
| |
| @example |
| 00000000 <__vector1>: |
| 0: 8f 93 push r24 |
| 2: 8f b7 in r24, 0x3f |
| 4: 8f 93 push r24 |
| 6: 80 91 60 00 lds r24, 0x0060 ; 0x800060 <var> |
| a: 83 95 inc r24 |
| c: 80 93 60 00 sts 0x0060, r24 ; 0x800060 <var> |
| 10: 8f 91 pop r24 |
| 12: 8f bf out 0x3f, r24 |
| 14: 8f 91 pop r24 |
| 16: 18 95 reti |
| @end example |
