gdb: Add soname to build-id mapping for core files

Since commit aa2d5a422 gdb has been able to read executable and shared
library build-ids within core files.

Expand this functionality so that each core file bfd maintains a map of
soname to build-id for each shared library referenced in the core file.

This feature may be used to verify that gdb has found the correct shared
libraries for core files and to facilitate downloading shared libaries via
debuginfod.