Add new overload of gdbarch_return_value

The gdbarch "return_value" can't correctly handle variably-sized
types.  The problem here is that the TYPE_LENGTH of such a type is 0,
until the type is resolved, which requires reading memory.  However,
gdbarch_return_value only accepts a buffer as an out parameter.

Fixing this requires letting the implementation of the gdbarch method
resolve the type and return a value -- that is, both the contents and
the new type.

After an attempt at this, I realized I wouldn't be able to correctly
update all implementations (there are ~80) of this method.  So,
instead, this patch adds a new method that falls back to the current
method, and it updates gdb to only call the new method.  This way it's
possible to incrementally convert the architectures that I am able to
test.