| .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation |
| .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution |
| .TH objcopy 1 "October 1994" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools" |
| .de BP |
| .sp |
| .ti \-.2i |
| \(** |
| .. |
| |
| .SH NAME |
| objcopy \- copy and translate object files |
| |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| .hy 0 |
| .na |
| .TP |
| .B objcopy |
| .RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" |
| .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" |
| .B infile |
| .RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]" |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| The GNU |
| .B objcopy |
| utility copies the contents of an object file to another. |
| .B objcopy |
| uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can |
| write the destination object file in a format different from that of |
| the source object file. The exact behavior of |
| .B objcopy |
| is controlled by command-line options. |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them |
| afterward. |
| .B objcopy |
| uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the |
| formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats |
| without being told explicitly. |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of |
| .B srec |
| (e.g., use |
| .B -O srec). |
| .PP |
| .B objcopy |
| can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of |
| .B binary |
| (e.g., use |
| .B -O binary). |
| When |
| .B objcopy |
| generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump |
| of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation |
| information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the |
| virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file. |
| .PP |
| When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to |
| use |
| .B -S |
| to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases |
| .B -R |
| will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is |
| not needed by the binary file. |
| .PP |
| .I infile |
| and |
| .I outfile |
| are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify |
| .IR outfile , |
| .B objcopy |
| creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the |
| name of the input file. |
| |
| .SH OPTIONS |
| .TP |
| .B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Consider the source file's object format to be |
| .IR bfdname , |
| rather than attempting to deduce it. |
| .TP |
| .B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Write the output file using the object format |
| .IR bfdname . |
| .TP |
| .B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname |
| Use |
| .I bfdname |
| as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e. |
| simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. |
| .TP |
| .B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname |
| Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file, |
| discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than |
| once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output |
| file unusable. |
| .TP |
| .B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname |
| Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more |
| than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the |
| output file unusable. |
| .TP |
| .B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all |
| Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug |
| Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-strip\-unneeded |
| Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. |
| .TP |
| .B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option |
| may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option |
| may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not |
| visible externally. This option may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname |
| Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once. |
| .TP |
| .B \-x\fR, \fB \-\-discard\-all |
| Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals |
| Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start |
| with "L" or "."). |
| .TP |
| .B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte |
| Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is |
| not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the |
| interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program |
| ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target. |
| .TP |
| .B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave |
| Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is |
| selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4. |
| The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given. |
| .TP |
| .B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates |
| Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same |
| as those of the input file. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-debugging |
| Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default |
| because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the |
| conversion process can be time consuming. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval |
| Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to |
| the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing |
| the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra |
| space created with \fIval\fP. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress |
| Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is |
| done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is |
| filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default |
| zero). |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval |
| Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object |
| file formats support setting the start address. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr |
| Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file |
| formats support setting the start address. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr |
| Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by |
| adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section |
| addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate |
| the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a |
| certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such |
| that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP. |
| If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. |
| Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section |
| address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If |
| \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be |
| issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is |
| used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP |
| is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments |
| under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist |
| in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless |
| \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val |
| Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is |
| used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP |
| is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments |
| under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist |
| in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless |
| \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings |
| If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does |
| not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings |
| Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even |
| if the named section does not exist. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags |
| Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a |
| comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are |
| \fIalloc\fP, \fIload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP, \fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, and |
| \fIrom\fP. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file |
| formats. |
| .TP |
| .B \fB\-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename |
| Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The |
| contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. |
| The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option |
| only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary |
| names. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-change\-leading\-char |
| Some object file formats use special characters at the start of |
| symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers |
| often add before every symbol. This option tells |
| .B objcopy |
| to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts |
| between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same |
| leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add |
| a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as |
| appropriate. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-remove\-leading\-char |
| If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading |
| character used by the object file format, remove the character. The |
| most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will |
| remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be |
| useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats |
| with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from |
| \fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name |
| when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-weaken |
| Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. |
| .TP |
| .B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose |
| Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of |
| archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive. |
| .TP |
| .B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version |
| Show the version number of |
| .B objcopy |
| and exit. |
| .TP |
| .B \-\-help |
| Show a summary of the options to |
| .B objcopy |
| and exit. |
| .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" |
| entry in |
| .B |
| info\c |
| \&; |
| .I |
| The GNU Binary Utilities\c |
| \&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993). |
| |
| .SH COPYING |
| Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| .PP |
| Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
| this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
| are preserved on all copies. |
| .PP |
| Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
| manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the |
| entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a |
| permission notice identical to this one. |
| .PP |
| Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
| manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified |
| versions, except that this permission notice may be included in |
| translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in |
| the original English. |