gcc/c-parser.c

/* Parser for C and Objective-C.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
   Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Parser actions based on the old Bison parser; structure somewhat
   influenced by and fragments based on the C++ parser.

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/* TODO:

   Make sure all relevant comments, and all relevant code from all
   actions, brought over from old parser.  Verify exact correspondence
   of syntax accepted.

   Add testcases covering every input symbol in every state in old and
   new parsers.

   Include full syntax for GNU C, including erroneous cases accepted
   with error messages, in syntax productions in comments.

   Make more diagnostics in the front end generally take an explicit
   location rather than implicitly using input_location.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "tm.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "langhooks.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "cpplib.h"
#include "timevar.h"
#include "c-pragma.h"
#include "c-tree.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "ggc.h"
#include "c-common.h"
#include "vec.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "cgraph.h"


/* Initialization routine for this file.  */

void
c_parse_init (void)
{
  /* The only initialization required is of the reserved word
     identifiers.  */
  unsigned int i;
  tree id;
  int mask = 0;

  mask |= D_CXXONLY;
  if (!flag_isoc99)
    mask |= D_C99;
  if (flag_no_asm)
    {
      mask |= D_ASM | D_EXT;
      if (!flag_isoc99)
	mask |= D_EXT89;
    }
  if (!c_dialect_objc ())
    mask |= D_OBJC | D_CXX_OBJC;

  ridpointers = GGC_CNEWVEC (tree, (int) RID_MAX);
  for (i = 0; i < num_c_common_reswords; i++)
    {
      /* If a keyword is disabled, do not enter it into the table
	 and so create a canonical spelling that isn't a keyword.  */
      if (c_common_reswords[i].disable & mask)
	{
	  if (warn_cxx_compat
	      && (c_common_reswords[i].disable & D_CXXWARN))
	    {
	      id = get_identifier (c_common_reswords[i].word);
	      C_SET_RID_CODE (id, RID_CXX_COMPAT_WARN);
	      C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (id) = 1;
	    }
	  continue;
	}

      id = get_identifier (c_common_reswords[i].word);
      C_SET_RID_CODE (id, c_common_reswords[i].rid);
      C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (id) = 1;
      ridpointers [(int) c_common_reswords[i].rid] = id;
    }
}

/* The C lexer intermediates between the lexer in cpplib and c-lex.c
   and the C parser.  Unlike the C++ lexer, the parser structure
   stores the lexer information instead of using a separate structure.
   Identifiers are separated into ordinary identifiers, type names,
   keywords and some other Objective-C types of identifiers, and some
   look-ahead is maintained.

   ??? It might be a good idea to lex the whole file up front (as for
   C++).  It would then be possible to share more of the C and C++
   lexer code, if desired.  */

/* The following local token type is used.  */

/* A keyword.  */
#define CPP_KEYWORD ((enum cpp_ttype) (N_TTYPES + 1))

/* More information about the type of a CPP_NAME token.  */
typedef enum c_id_kind {
  /* An ordinary identifier.  */
  C_ID_ID,
  /* An identifier declared as a typedef name.  */
  C_ID_TYPENAME,
  /* An identifier declared as an Objective-C class name.  */
  C_ID_CLASSNAME,
  /* Not an identifier.  */
  C_ID_NONE
} c_id_kind;

/* A single C token after string literal concatenation and conversion
   of preprocessing tokens to tokens.  */
typedef struct c_token GTY (())
{
  /* The kind of token.  */
  ENUM_BITFIELD (cpp_ttype) type : 8;
  /* If this token is a CPP_NAME, this value indicates whether also
     declared as some kind of type.  Otherwise, it is C_ID_NONE.  */
  ENUM_BITFIELD (c_id_kind) id_kind : 8;
  /* If this token is a keyword, this value indicates which keyword.
     Otherwise, this value is RID_MAX.  */
  ENUM_BITFIELD (rid) keyword : 8;
  /* If this token is a CPP_PRAGMA, this indicates the pragma that
     was seen.  Otherwise it is PRAGMA_NONE.  */
  ENUM_BITFIELD (pragma_kind) pragma_kind : 8;
  /* The value associated with this token, if any.  */
  tree value;
  /* The location at which this token was found.  */
  location_t location;
} c_token;

/* A parser structure recording information about the state and
   context of parsing.  Includes lexer information with up to two
   tokens of look-ahead; more are not needed for C.  */
typedef struct c_parser GTY(())
{
  /* The look-ahead tokens.  */
  c_token tokens[2];
  /* How many look-ahead tokens are available (0, 1 or 2).  */
  short tokens_avail;
  /* True if a syntax error is being recovered from; false otherwise.
     c_parser_error sets this flag.  It should clear this flag when
     enough tokens have been consumed to recover from the error.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD error : 1;
  /* True if we're processing a pragma, and shouldn't automatically
     consume CPP_PRAGMA_EOL.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD in_pragma : 1;
  /* True if we're parsing the outermost block of an if statement.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD in_if_block : 1;
  /* True if we want to lex an untranslated string.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD lex_untranslated_string : 1;
  /* Objective-C specific parser/lexer information.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD objc_pq_context : 1;
  /* The following flag is needed to contextualize Objective-C lexical
     analysis.  In some cases (e.g., 'int NSObject;'), it is
     undesirable to bind an identifier to an Objective-C class, even
     if a class with that name exists.  */
  BOOL_BITFIELD objc_need_raw_identifier : 1;
} c_parser;


/* The actual parser and external interface.  ??? Does this need to be
   garbage-collected?  */

static GTY (()) c_parser *the_parser;


/* Read in and lex a single token, storing it in *TOKEN.  */

static void
c_lex_one_token (c_parser *parser, c_token *token)
{
  timevar_push (TV_LEX);

  token->type = c_lex_with_flags (&token->value, &token->location, NULL,
				  (parser->lex_untranslated_string
				   ? C_LEX_STRING_NO_TRANSLATE : 0));
  token->id_kind = C_ID_NONE;
  token->keyword = RID_MAX;
  token->pragma_kind = PRAGMA_NONE;

  switch (token->type)
    {
    case CPP_NAME:
      {
	tree decl;

	bool objc_force_identifier = parser->objc_need_raw_identifier;
	if (c_dialect_objc ())
	  parser->objc_need_raw_identifier = false;

	if (C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (token->value))
	  {
	    enum rid rid_code = C_RID_CODE (token->value);

	    if (rid_code == RID_CXX_COMPAT_WARN)
	      {
		warning_at (token->location,
			    OPT_Wc___compat,
			    "identifier %qs conflicts with C++ keyword",
			    IDENTIFIER_POINTER (token->value));
	      }
	    else if (c_dialect_objc ())
	      {
		if (!objc_is_reserved_word (token->value)
		    && (!OBJC_IS_PQ_KEYWORD (rid_code)
			|| parser->objc_pq_context))
		  {
		    /* Return the canonical spelling for this keyword.  */
		    token->value = ridpointers[(int) rid_code];
		    token->type = CPP_KEYWORD;
		    token->keyword = rid_code;
		    break;
		  }
	      }
	    else
	      {
		token->type = CPP_KEYWORD;
		token->keyword = rid_code;
		break;
	      }
	  }

	decl = lookup_name (token->value);
	if (decl)
	  {
	    if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
	      {
		token->id_kind = C_ID_TYPENAME;
		break;
	      }
	  }
	else if (c_dialect_objc ())
	  {
	    tree objc_interface_decl = objc_is_class_name (token->value);
	    /* Objective-C class names are in the same namespace as
	       variables and typedefs, and hence are shadowed by local
	       declarations.  */
	    if (objc_interface_decl
		&& (global_bindings_p ()
		    || (!objc_force_identifier && !decl)))
	      {
		token->value = objc_interface_decl;
		token->id_kind = C_ID_CLASSNAME;
		break;
	      }
	  }
        token->id_kind = C_ID_ID;
      }
      break;
    case CPP_AT_NAME:
      /* This only happens in Objective-C; it must be a keyword.  */
      token->type = CPP_KEYWORD;
      token->keyword = C_RID_CODE (token->value);
      break;
    case CPP_COLON:
    case CPP_COMMA:
    case CPP_CLOSE_PAREN:
    case CPP_SEMICOLON:
      /* These tokens may affect the interpretation of any identifiers
	 following, if doing Objective-C.  */
      if (c_dialect_objc ())
	parser->objc_need_raw_identifier = false;
      break;
    case CPP_PRAGMA:
      /* We smuggled the cpp_token->u.pragma value in an INTEGER_CST.  */
      token->pragma_kind = (enum pragma_kind) TREE_INT_CST_LOW (token->value);
      token->value = NULL;
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }
  timevar_pop (TV_LEX);
}

/* Return a pointer to the next token from PARSER, reading it in if
   necessary.  */

static inline c_token *
c_parser_peek_token (c_parser *parser)
{
  if (parser->tokens_avail == 0)
    {
      c_lex_one_token (parser, &parser->tokens[0]);
      parser->tokens_avail = 1;
    }
  return &parser->tokens[0];
}

/* Return true if the next token from PARSER has the indicated
   TYPE.  */

static inline bool
c_parser_next_token_is (c_parser *parser, enum cpp_ttype type)
{
  return c_parser_peek_token (parser)->type == type;
}

/* Return true if the next token from PARSER does not have the
   indicated TYPE.  */

static inline bool
c_parser_next_token_is_not (c_parser *parser, enum cpp_ttype type)
{
  return !c_parser_next_token_is (parser, type);
}

/* Return true if the next token from PARSER is the indicated
   KEYWORD.  */

static inline bool
c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (c_parser *parser, enum rid keyword)
{
  return c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword == keyword;
}

/* Return true if TOKEN can start a type name,
   false otherwise.  */
static bool
c_token_starts_typename (c_token *token)
{
  switch (token->type)
    {
    case CPP_NAME:
      switch (token->id_kind)
	{
	case C_ID_ID:
	  return false;
	case C_ID_TYPENAME:
	  return true;
	case C_ID_CLASSNAME:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  return true;
	default:
	  gcc_unreachable ();
	}
    case CPP_KEYWORD:
      switch (token->keyword)
	{
	case RID_UNSIGNED:
	case RID_LONG:
	case RID_SHORT:
	case RID_SIGNED:
	case RID_COMPLEX:
	case RID_INT:
	case RID_CHAR:
	case RID_FLOAT:
	case RID_DOUBLE:
	case RID_VOID:
	case RID_DFLOAT32:
	case RID_DFLOAT64:
	case RID_DFLOAT128:
	case RID_BOOL:
	case RID_ENUM:
	case RID_STRUCT:
	case RID_UNION:
	case RID_TYPEOF:
	case RID_CONST:
	case RID_VOLATILE:
	case RID_RESTRICT:
	case RID_ATTRIBUTE:
	case RID_FRACT:
	case RID_ACCUM:
	case RID_SAT:
	  return true;
	default:
	  return false;
	}
    case CPP_LESS:
      if (c_dialect_objc ())
	return true;
      return false;
    default:
      return false;
    }
}

/* Return true if the next token from PARSER can start a type name,
   false otherwise.  */
static inline bool
c_parser_next_token_starts_typename (c_parser *parser)
{
  c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
  return c_token_starts_typename (token);
}

/* Return true if TOKEN can start declaration specifiers, false
   otherwise.  */
static bool
c_token_starts_declspecs (c_token *token)
{
  switch (token->type)
    {
    case CPP_NAME:
      switch (token->id_kind)
	{
	case C_ID_ID:
	  return false;
	case C_ID_TYPENAME:
	  return true;
	case C_ID_CLASSNAME:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  return true;
	default:
	  gcc_unreachable ();
	}
    case CPP_KEYWORD:
      switch (token->keyword)
	{
	case RID_STATIC:
	case RID_EXTERN:
	case RID_REGISTER:
	case RID_TYPEDEF:
	case RID_INLINE:
	case RID_AUTO:
	case RID_THREAD:
	case RID_UNSIGNED:
	case RID_LONG:
	case RID_SHORT:
	case RID_SIGNED:
	case RID_COMPLEX:
	case RID_INT:
	case RID_CHAR:
	case RID_FLOAT:
	case RID_DOUBLE:
	case RID_VOID:
	case RID_DFLOAT32:
	case RID_DFLOAT64:
	case RID_DFLOAT128:
	case RID_BOOL:
	case RID_ENUM:
	case RID_STRUCT:
	case RID_UNION:
	case RID_TYPEOF:
	case RID_CONST:
	case RID_VOLATILE:
	case RID_RESTRICT:
	case RID_ATTRIBUTE:
	case RID_FRACT:
	case RID_ACCUM:
	case RID_SAT:
	  return true;
	default:
	  return false;
	}
    case CPP_LESS:
      if (c_dialect_objc ())
	return true;
      return false;
    default:
      return false;
    }
}

/* Return true if the next token from PARSER can start declaration
   specifiers, false otherwise.  */
static inline bool
c_parser_next_token_starts_declspecs (c_parser *parser)
{
  c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
  return c_token_starts_declspecs (token);
}

/* Return a pointer to the next-but-one token from PARSER, reading it
   in if necessary.  The next token is already read in.  */

static c_token *
c_parser_peek_2nd_token (c_parser *parser)
{
  if (parser->tokens_avail >= 2)
    return &parser->tokens[1];
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens_avail == 1);
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens[0].type != CPP_EOF);
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens[0].type != CPP_PRAGMA_EOL);
  c_lex_one_token (parser, &parser->tokens[1]);
  parser->tokens_avail = 2;
  return &parser->tokens[1];
}

/* Consume the next token from PARSER.  */

static void
c_parser_consume_token (c_parser *parser)
{
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens_avail >= 1);
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens[0].type != CPP_EOF);
  gcc_assert (!parser->in_pragma || parser->tokens[0].type != CPP_PRAGMA_EOL);
  gcc_assert (parser->error || parser->tokens[0].type != CPP_PRAGMA);
  if (parser->tokens_avail == 2)
    parser->tokens[0] = parser->tokens[1];
  parser->tokens_avail--;
}

/* Expect the current token to be a #pragma.  Consume it and remember
   that we've begun parsing a pragma.  */

static void
c_parser_consume_pragma (c_parser *parser)
{
  gcc_assert (!parser->in_pragma);
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens_avail >= 1);
  gcc_assert (parser->tokens[0].type == CPP_PRAGMA);
  if (parser->tokens_avail == 2)
    parser->tokens[0] = parser->tokens[1];
  parser->tokens_avail--;
  parser->in_pragma = true;
}

/* Update the globals input_location and in_system_header from
   TOKEN.  */
static inline void
c_parser_set_source_position_from_token (c_token *token)
{
  if (token->type != CPP_EOF)
    {
      input_location = token->location;
    }
}

/* Issue a diagnostic of the form
      FILE:LINE: MESSAGE before TOKEN
   where TOKEN is the next token in the input stream of PARSER.
   MESSAGE (specified by the caller) is usually of the form "expected
   OTHER-TOKEN".

   Do not issue a diagnostic if still recovering from an error.

   ??? This is taken from the C++ parser, but building up messages in
   this way is not i18n-friendly and some other approach should be
   used.  */

static void
c_parser_error (c_parser *parser, const char *gmsgid)
{
  c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
  if (parser->error)
    return;
  parser->error = true;
  if (!gmsgid)
    return;
  /* This diagnostic makes more sense if it is tagged to the line of
     the token we just peeked at.  */
  c_parser_set_source_position_from_token (token);
  c_parse_error (gmsgid,
		 /* Because c_parse_error does not understand
		    CPP_KEYWORD, keywords are treated like
		    identifiers.  */
		 (token->type == CPP_KEYWORD ? CPP_NAME : token->type),
		 token->value);
}

/* If the next token is of the indicated TYPE, consume it.  Otherwise,
   issue the error MSGID.  If MSGID is NULL then a message has already
   been produced and no message will be produced this time.  Returns
   true if found, false otherwise.  */

static bool
c_parser_require (c_parser *parser,
		  enum cpp_ttype type,
		  const char *msgid)
{
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, type))
    {
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return true;
    }
  else
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, msgid);
      return false;
    }
}

/* If the next token is the indicated keyword, consume it.  Otherwise,
   issue the error MSGID.  Returns true if found, false otherwise.  */

static bool
c_parser_require_keyword (c_parser *parser,
			  enum rid keyword,
			  const char *msgid)
{
  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, keyword))
    {
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return true;
    }
  else
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, msgid);
      return false;
    }
}

/* Like c_parser_require, except that tokens will be skipped until the
   desired token is found.  An error message is still produced if the
   next token is not as expected.  If MSGID is NULL then a message has
   already been produced and no message will be produced this
   time.  */

static void
c_parser_skip_until_found (c_parser *parser,
			   enum cpp_ttype type,
			   const char *msgid)
{
  unsigned nesting_depth = 0;

  if (c_parser_require (parser, type, msgid))
    return;

  /* Skip tokens until the desired token is found.  */
  while (true)
    {
      /* Peek at the next token.  */
      c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
      /* If we've reached the token we want, consume it and stop.  */
      if (token->type == type && !nesting_depth)
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  break;
	}

      /* If we've run out of tokens, stop.  */
      if (token->type == CPP_EOF)
	return;
      if (token->type == CPP_PRAGMA_EOL && parser->in_pragma)
	return;
      if (token->type == CPP_OPEN_BRACE
	  || token->type == CPP_OPEN_PAREN
	  || token->type == CPP_OPEN_SQUARE)
	++nesting_depth;
      else if (token->type == CPP_CLOSE_BRACE
	       || token->type == CPP_CLOSE_PAREN
	       || token->type == CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE)
	{
	  if (nesting_depth-- == 0)
	    break;
	}
      /* Consume this token.  */
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  parser->error = false;
}

/* Skip tokens until the end of a parameter is found, but do not
   consume the comma, semicolon or closing delimiter.  */

static void
c_parser_skip_to_end_of_parameter (c_parser *parser)
{
  unsigned nesting_depth = 0;

  while (true)
    {
      c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
      if ((token->type == CPP_COMMA || token->type == CPP_SEMICOLON)
	  && !nesting_depth)
	break;
      /* If we've run out of tokens, stop.  */
      if (token->type == CPP_EOF)
	return;
      if (token->type == CPP_PRAGMA_EOL && parser->in_pragma)
	return;
      if (token->type == CPP_OPEN_BRACE
	  || token->type == CPP_OPEN_PAREN
	  || token->type == CPP_OPEN_SQUARE)
	++nesting_depth;
      else if (token->type == CPP_CLOSE_BRACE
	       || token->type == CPP_CLOSE_PAREN
	       || token->type == CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE)
	{
	  if (nesting_depth-- == 0)
	    break;
	}
      /* Consume this token.  */
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  parser->error = false;
}

/* Expect to be at the end of the pragma directive and consume an
   end of line marker.  */

static void
c_parser_skip_to_pragma_eol (c_parser *parser)
{
  gcc_assert (parser->in_pragma);
  parser->in_pragma = false;

  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_PRAGMA_EOL, "expected end of line"))
    while (true)
      {
	c_token *token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
	if (token->type == CPP_EOF)
	  break;
	if (token->type == CPP_PRAGMA_EOL)
	  {
	    c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	    break;
	  }
	c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      }

  parser->error = false;
}

/* Skip tokens until we have consumed an entire block, or until we
   have consumed a non-nested ';'.  */

static void
c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (c_parser *parser)
{
  unsigned nesting_depth = 0;
  bool save_error = parser->error;

  while (true)
    {
      c_token *token;

      /* Peek at the next token.  */
      token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);

      switch (token->type)
	{
	case CPP_EOF:
	  return;

	case CPP_PRAGMA_EOL:
	  if (parser->in_pragma)
	    return;
	  break;

	case CPP_SEMICOLON:
	  /* If the next token is a ';', we have reached the
	     end of the statement.  */
	  if (!nesting_depth)
	    {
	      /* Consume the ';'.  */
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      goto finished;
	    }
	  break;

	case CPP_CLOSE_BRACE:
	  /* If the next token is a non-nested '}', then we have
	     reached the end of the current block.  */
	  if (nesting_depth == 0 || --nesting_depth == 0)
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      goto finished;
	    }
	  break;

	case CPP_OPEN_BRACE:
	  /* If it the next token is a '{', then we are entering a new
	     block.  Consume the entire block.  */
	  ++nesting_depth;
	  break;

	case CPP_PRAGMA:
	  /* If we see a pragma, consume the whole thing at once.  We
	     have some safeguards against consuming pragmas willy-nilly.
	     Normally, we'd expect to be here with parser->error set,
	     which disables these safeguards.  But it's possible to get
	     here for secondary error recovery, after parser->error has
	     been cleared.  */
	  c_parser_consume_pragma (parser);
	  c_parser_skip_to_pragma_eol (parser);
	  parser->error = save_error;
	  continue;

	default:
	  break;
	}

      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }

 finished:
  parser->error = false;
}

/* CPP's options (initialized by c-opts.c).  */
extern cpp_options *cpp_opts;

/* Save the warning flags which are controlled by __extension__.  */

static inline int
disable_extension_diagnostics (void)
{
  int ret = (pedantic
	     | (warn_pointer_arith << 1)
	     | (warn_traditional << 2)
	     | (flag_iso << 3)
	     | (warn_long_long << 4)
	     | (cpp_opts->warn_long_long << 5));
  cpp_opts->pedantic = pedantic = 0;
  warn_pointer_arith = 0;
  cpp_opts->warn_traditional = warn_traditional = 0;
  flag_iso = 0;
  warn_long_long = 0;
  cpp_opts->warn_long_long = 0;
  return ret;
}

/* Restore the warning flags which are controlled by __extension__.
   FLAGS is the return value from disable_extension_diagnostics.  */

static inline void
restore_extension_diagnostics (int flags)
{
  cpp_opts->pedantic = pedantic = flags & 1;
  warn_pointer_arith = (flags >> 1) & 1;
  cpp_opts->warn_traditional = warn_traditional = (flags >> 2) & 1;
  flag_iso = (flags >> 3) & 1;
  warn_long_long = (flags >> 4) & 1;
  cpp_opts->warn_long_long = (flags >> 5) & 1;
}

/* Possibly kinds of declarator to parse.  */
typedef enum c_dtr_syn {
  /* A normal declarator with an identifier.  */
  C_DTR_NORMAL,
  /* An abstract declarator (maybe empty).  */
  C_DTR_ABSTRACT,
  /* A parameter declarator: may be either, but after a type name does
     not redeclare a typedef name as an identifier if it can
     alternatively be interpreted as a typedef name; see DR#009,
     applied in C90 TC1, omitted from C99 and reapplied in C99 TC2
     following DR#249.  For example, given a typedef T, "int T" and
     "int *T" are valid parameter declarations redeclaring T, while
     "int (T)" and "int * (T)" and "int (T[])" and "int (T (int))" are
     abstract declarators rather than involving redundant parentheses;
     the same applies with attributes inside the parentheses before
     "T".  */
  C_DTR_PARM
} c_dtr_syn;

static void c_parser_external_declaration (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_asm_definition (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_declaration_or_fndef (c_parser *, bool, bool, bool, bool);
static void c_parser_declspecs (c_parser *, struct c_declspecs *, bool, bool,
				bool);
static struct c_typespec c_parser_enum_specifier (c_parser *);
static struct c_typespec c_parser_struct_or_union_specifier (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_struct_declaration (c_parser *);
static struct c_typespec c_parser_typeof_specifier (c_parser *);
static struct c_declarator *c_parser_declarator (c_parser *, bool, c_dtr_syn,
						 bool *);
static struct c_declarator *c_parser_direct_declarator (c_parser *, bool,
							c_dtr_syn, bool *);
static struct c_declarator *c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (c_parser *,
							      bool,
							      struct c_declarator *);
static struct c_arg_info *c_parser_parms_declarator (c_parser *, bool, tree);
static struct c_arg_info *c_parser_parms_list_declarator (c_parser *, tree);
static struct c_parm *c_parser_parameter_declaration (c_parser *, tree);
static tree c_parser_simple_asm_expr (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_attributes (c_parser *);
static struct c_type_name *c_parser_type_name (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_initializer (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_braced_init (c_parser *, tree, bool);
static void c_parser_initelt (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_initval (c_parser *, struct c_expr *);
static tree c_parser_compound_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_compound_statement_nostart (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_label (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_statement_after_labels (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_if_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_switch_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_while_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_do_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_for_statement (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_asm_statement (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_asm_operands (c_parser *, bool);
static tree c_parser_asm_clobbers (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_expr_no_commas (c_parser *, struct c_expr *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_conditional_expression (c_parser *,
						      struct c_expr *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_binary_expression (c_parser *, struct c_expr *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_cast_expression (c_parser *, struct c_expr *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_unary_expression (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_sizeof_expression (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_alignof_expression (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_postfix_expression (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_postfix_expression_after_paren_type (c_parser *,
								   struct c_type_name *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_postfix_expression_after_primary (c_parser *,
								struct c_expr);
static struct c_expr c_parser_expression (c_parser *);
static struct c_expr c_parser_expression_conv (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_expr_list (c_parser *, bool);
static void c_parser_omp_construct (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_omp_threadprivate (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_omp_barrier (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_omp_flush (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_omp_taskwait (c_parser *);

enum pragma_context { pragma_external, pragma_stmt, pragma_compound };
static bool c_parser_pragma (c_parser *, enum pragma_context);

/* These Objective-C parser functions are only ever called when
   compiling Objective-C.  */
static void c_parser_objc_class_definition (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_class_instance_variables (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_class_declaration (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_alias_declaration (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_protocol_definition (c_parser *);
static enum tree_code c_parser_objc_method_type (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_method_definition (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_methodprotolist (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_methodproto (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_method_decl (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_type_name (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_protocol_refs (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_try_catch_statement (c_parser *);
static void c_parser_objc_synchronized_statement (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_selector (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_selector_arg (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_receiver (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_message_args (c_parser *);
static tree c_parser_objc_keywordexpr (c_parser *);

/* Parse a translation unit (C90 6.7, C99 6.9).

   translation-unit:
     external-declarations

   external-declarations:
     external-declaration
     external-declarations external-declaration

   GNU extensions:

   translation-unit:
     empty
*/

static void
c_parser_translation_unit (c_parser *parser)
{
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_EOF))
    {
      pedwarn (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location, OPT_pedantic, 
	       "ISO C forbids an empty translation unit");
    }
  else
    {
      void *obstack_position = obstack_alloc (&parser_obstack, 0);
      do
	{
	  ggc_collect ();
	  c_parser_external_declaration (parser);
	  obstack_free (&parser_obstack, obstack_position);
	}
      while (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_EOF));
    }
}

/* Parse an external declaration (C90 6.7, C99 6.9).

   external-declaration:
     function-definition
     declaration

   GNU extensions:

   external-declaration:
     asm-definition
     ;
     __extension__ external-declaration

   Objective-C:

   external-declaration:
     objc-class-definition
     objc-class-declaration
     objc-alias-declaration
     objc-protocol-definition
     objc-method-definition
     @end
*/

static void
c_parser_external_declaration (c_parser *parser)
{
  int ext;
  switch (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->type)
    {
    case CPP_KEYWORD:
      switch (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword)
	{
	case RID_EXTENSION:
	  ext = disable_extension_diagnostics ();
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  c_parser_external_declaration (parser);
	  restore_extension_diagnostics (ext);
	  break;
	case RID_ASM:
	  c_parser_asm_definition (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_AT_INTERFACE:
	case RID_AT_IMPLEMENTATION:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_objc_class_definition (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_CLASS:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_objc_class_declaration (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_AT_ALIAS:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_objc_alias_declaration (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_AT_PROTOCOL:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_objc_protocol_definition (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_AT_END:
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  objc_finish_implementation ();
	  break;
	default:
	  goto decl_or_fndef;
	}
      break;
    case CPP_SEMICOLON:
      pedwarn (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location, OPT_pedantic, 
	       "ISO C does not allow extra %<;%> outside of a function");
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      break;
    case CPP_PRAGMA:
      c_parser_pragma (parser, pragma_external);
      break;
    case CPP_PLUS:
    case CPP_MINUS:
      if (c_dialect_objc ())
	{
	  c_parser_objc_method_definition (parser);
	  break;
	}
      /* Else fall through, and yield a syntax error trying to parse
	 as a declaration or function definition.  */
    default:
    decl_or_fndef:
      /* A declaration or a function definition.  We can only tell
	 which after parsing the declaration specifiers, if any, and
	 the first declarator.  */
      c_parser_declaration_or_fndef (parser, true, true, false, true);
      break;
    }
}


/* Parse a declaration or function definition (C90 6.5, 6.7.1, C99
   6.7, 6.9.1).  If FNDEF_OK is true, a function definition is
   accepted; otherwise (old-style parameter declarations) only other
   declarations are accepted.  If NESTED is true, we are inside a
   function or parsing old-style parameter declarations; any functions
   encountered are nested functions and declaration specifiers are
   required; otherwise we are at top level and functions are normal
   functions and declaration specifiers may be optional.  If EMPTY_OK
   is true, empty declarations are OK (subject to all other
   constraints); otherwise (old-style parameter declarations) they are
   diagnosed.  If START_ATTR_OK is true, the declaration specifiers
   may start with attributes; otherwise they may not.

   declaration:
     declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list[opt] ;

   function-definition:
     declaration-specifiers[opt] declarator declaration-list[opt]
       compound-statement

   declaration-list:
     declaration
     declaration-list declaration

   init-declarator-list:
     init-declarator
     init-declarator-list , init-declarator

   init-declarator:
     declarator simple-asm-expr[opt] attributes[opt]
     declarator simple-asm-expr[opt] attributes[opt] = initializer

   GNU extensions:

   nested-function-definition:
     declaration-specifiers declarator declaration-list[opt]
       compound-statement

   The simple-asm-expr and attributes are GNU extensions.

   This function does not handle __extension__; that is handled in its
   callers.  ??? Following the old parser, __extension__ may start
   external declarations, declarations in functions and declarations
   at the start of "for" loops, but not old-style parameter
   declarations.

   C99 requires declaration specifiers in a function definition; the
   absence is diagnosed through the diagnosis of implicit int.  In GNU
   C we also allow but diagnose declarations without declaration
   specifiers, but only at top level (elsewhere they conflict with
   other syntax).
   
   OpenMP:
   
   declaration:
     threadprivate-directive  */

static void
c_parser_declaration_or_fndef (c_parser *parser, bool fndef_ok, bool empty_ok,
			       bool nested, bool start_attr_ok)
{
  struct c_declspecs *specs;
  tree prefix_attrs;
  tree all_prefix_attrs;
  bool diagnosed_no_specs = false;
  location_t here = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;

  specs = build_null_declspecs ();
  c_parser_declspecs (parser, specs, true, true, start_attr_ok);
  if (parser->error)
    {
      c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
      return;
    }
  if (nested && !specs->declspecs_seen_p)
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected declaration specifiers");
      c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
      return;
    }
  finish_declspecs (specs);
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
    {
      if (empty_ok)
	shadow_tag (specs);
      else
	{
	  shadow_tag_warned (specs, 1);
	  pedwarn (here, 0, "empty declaration");
	}
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return;
    }
  pending_xref_error ();
  prefix_attrs = specs->attrs;
  all_prefix_attrs = prefix_attrs;
  specs->attrs = NULL_TREE;
  while (true)
    {
      struct c_declarator *declarator;
      bool dummy = false;
      tree fnbody;
      /* Declaring either one or more declarators (in which case we
	 should diagnose if there were no declaration specifiers) or a
	 function definition (in which case the diagnostic for
	 implicit int suffices).  */
      declarator = c_parser_declarator (parser, specs->type_seen_p,
					C_DTR_NORMAL, &dummy);
      if (declarator == NULL)
	{
	  c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
	  return;
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_EQ)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ASM)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
	{
	  tree asm_name = NULL_TREE;
	  tree postfix_attrs = NULL_TREE;
	  if (!diagnosed_no_specs && !specs->declspecs_seen_p)
	    {
	      diagnosed_no_specs = true;
	      pedwarn (here, 0, "data definition has no type or storage class");
	    }
	  /* Having seen a data definition, there cannot now be a
	     function definition.  */
	  fndef_ok = false;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ASM))
	    asm_name = c_parser_simple_asm_expr (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
	    postfix_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_EQ))
	    {
	      tree d;
	      struct c_expr init;
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      /* The declaration of the variable is in effect while
		 its initializer is parsed.  */
	      d = start_decl (declarator, specs, true,
			      chainon (postfix_attrs, all_prefix_attrs));
	      if (!d)
		d = error_mark_node;
	      start_init (d, asm_name, global_bindings_p ());
	      init = c_parser_initializer (parser);
	      finish_init ();
	      if (d != error_mark_node)
		{
		  maybe_warn_string_init (TREE_TYPE (d), init);
		  finish_decl (d, init.value, asm_name);
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      tree d = start_decl (declarator, specs, false,
				   chainon (postfix_attrs,
					    all_prefix_attrs));
	      if (d)
		finish_decl (d, NULL_TREE, asm_name);
	    }
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
		all_prefix_attrs = chainon (c_parser_attributes (parser),
					    prefix_attrs);
	      else
		all_prefix_attrs = prefix_attrs;
	      continue;
	    }
	  else if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      return;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<,%> or %<;%>");
	      c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
	      return;
	    }
	}
      else if (!fndef_ok)
	{
	  c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<=%>, %<,%>, %<;%>, "
			  "%<asm%> or %<__attribute__%>");
	  c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
	  return;
	}
      /* Function definition (nested or otherwise).  */
      if (nested)
	{
	  pedwarn (here, OPT_pedantic, "ISO C forbids nested functions");
	  c_push_function_context ();
	}
      if (!start_function (specs, declarator, all_prefix_attrs))
	{
	  /* This can appear in many cases looking nothing like a
	     function definition, so we don't give a more specific
	     error suggesting there was one.  */
	  c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<=%>, %<,%>, %<;%>, %<asm%> "
			  "or %<__attribute__%>");
	  if (nested)
	    c_pop_function_context ();
	  break;
	}
      /* Parse old-style parameter declarations.  ??? Attributes are
	 not allowed to start declaration specifiers here because of a
	 syntax conflict between a function declaration with attribute
	 suffix and a function definition with an attribute prefix on
	 first old-style parameter declaration.  Following the old
	 parser, they are not accepted on subsequent old-style
	 parameter declarations either.  However, there is no
	 ambiguity after the first declaration, nor indeed on the
	 first as long as we don't allow postfix attributes after a
	 declarator with a nonempty identifier list in a definition;
	 and postfix attributes have never been accepted here in
	 function definitions either.  */
      while (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_EOF)
	     && c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE))
	c_parser_declaration_or_fndef (parser, false, false, true, false);
      store_parm_decls ();
      DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl)->function_start_locus
	= c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
      fnbody = c_parser_compound_statement (parser);
      if (nested)
	{
	  tree decl = current_function_decl;
	  add_stmt (fnbody);
	  finish_function ();
	  c_pop_function_context ();
	  add_stmt (build_stmt (DECL_EXPR, decl));
	}
      else
	{
	  add_stmt (fnbody);
	  finish_function ();
	}
      break;
    }
}

/* Parse an asm-definition (asm() outside a function body).  This is a
   GNU extension.

   asm-definition:
     simple-asm-expr ;
*/

static void
c_parser_asm_definition (c_parser *parser)
{
  tree asm_str = c_parser_simple_asm_expr (parser);
  if (asm_str)
    cgraph_add_asm_node (asm_str);
  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON, "expected %<;%>");
}

/* Parse some declaration specifiers (possibly none) (C90 6.5, C99
   6.7), adding them to SPECS (which may already include some).
   Storage class specifiers are accepted iff SCSPEC_OK; type
   specifiers are accepted iff TYPESPEC_OK; attributes are accepted at
   the start iff START_ATTR_OK.

   declaration-specifiers:
     storage-class-specifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
     type-specifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
     type-qualifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
     function-specifier declaration-specifiers[opt]

   Function specifiers (inline) are from C99, and are currently
   handled as storage class specifiers, as is __thread.

   C90 6.5.1, C99 6.7.1:
   storage-class-specifier:
     typedef
     extern
     static
     auto
     register

   C99 6.7.4:
   function-specifier:
     inline

   C90 6.5.2, C99 6.7.2:
   type-specifier:
     void
     char
     short
     int
     long
     float
     double
     signed
     unsigned
     _Bool
     _Complex
     [_Imaginary removed in C99 TC2]
     struct-or-union-specifier
     enum-specifier
     typedef-name

   (_Bool and _Complex are new in C99.)

   C90 6.5.3, C99 6.7.3:

   type-qualifier:
     const
     restrict
     volatile

   (restrict is new in C99.)

   GNU extensions:

   declaration-specifiers:
     attributes declaration-specifiers[opt]

   storage-class-specifier:
     __thread

   type-specifier:
     typeof-specifier
     _Decimal32
     _Decimal64
     _Decimal128
     _Fract
     _Accum
     _Sat

  (_Fract, _Accum, and _Sat are new from ISO/IEC DTR 18037:
   http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1169.pdf)

   Objective-C:

   type-specifier:
     class-name objc-protocol-refs[opt]
     typedef-name objc-protocol-refs
     objc-protocol-refs
*/

static void
c_parser_declspecs (c_parser *parser, struct c_declspecs *specs,
		    bool scspec_ok, bool typespec_ok, bool start_attr_ok)
{
  bool attrs_ok = start_attr_ok;
  bool seen_type = specs->type_seen_p;
  while (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
	 || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_KEYWORD)
	 || (c_dialect_objc () && c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_LESS)))
    {
      struct c_typespec t;
      tree attrs;
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME))
	{
	  tree value = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
	  c_id_kind kind = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind;
	  /* This finishes the specifiers unless a type name is OK, it
	     is declared as a type name and a type name hasn't yet
	     been seen.  */
	  if (!typespec_ok || seen_type
	      || (kind != C_ID_TYPENAME && kind != C_ID_CLASSNAME))
	    break;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  seen_type = true;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  if (kind == C_ID_TYPENAME
	      && (!c_dialect_objc ()
		  || c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_LESS)))
	    {
	      t.kind = ctsk_typedef;
	      /* For a typedef name, record the meaning, not the name.
		 In case of 'foo foo, bar;'.  */
	      t.spec = lookup_name (value);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      tree proto = NULL_TREE;
	      gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	      t.kind = ctsk_objc;
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_LESS))
		proto = c_parser_objc_protocol_refs (parser);
	      t.spec = objc_get_protocol_qualified_type (value, proto);
	    }
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  continue;
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_LESS))
	{
	  /* Make "<SomeProtocol>" equivalent to "id <SomeProtocol>" -
	     nisse@lysator.liu.se.  */
	  tree proto;
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  if (!typespec_ok || seen_type)
	    break;
	  proto = c_parser_objc_protocol_refs (parser);
	  t.kind = ctsk_objc;
	  t.spec = objc_get_protocol_qualified_type (NULL_TREE, proto);
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  continue;
	}
      gcc_assert (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_KEYWORD));
      switch (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword)
	{
	case RID_STATIC:
	case RID_EXTERN:
	case RID_REGISTER:
	case RID_TYPEDEF:
	case RID_INLINE:
	case RID_AUTO:
	case RID_THREAD:
	  if (!scspec_ok)
	    goto out;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  /* TODO: Distinguish between function specifiers (inline)
	     and storage class specifiers, either here or in
	     declspecs_add_scspec.  */
	  declspecs_add_scspec (specs, c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_UNSIGNED:
	case RID_LONG:
	case RID_SHORT:
	case RID_SIGNED:
	case RID_COMPLEX:
	case RID_INT:
	case RID_CHAR:
	case RID_FLOAT:
	case RID_DOUBLE:
	case RID_VOID:
	case RID_DFLOAT32:
	case RID_DFLOAT64:
	case RID_DFLOAT128:
	case RID_BOOL:
	case RID_FRACT:
	case RID_ACCUM:
	case RID_SAT:
	  if (!typespec_ok)
	    goto out;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  seen_type = true;
	  if (c_dialect_objc ())
	    parser->objc_need_raw_identifier = true;
	  t.kind = ctsk_resword;
	  t.spec = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_ENUM:
	  if (!typespec_ok)
	    goto out;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  seen_type = true;
	  t = c_parser_enum_specifier (parser);
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  break;
	case RID_STRUCT:
	case RID_UNION:
	  if (!typespec_ok)
	    goto out;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  seen_type = true;
	  t = c_parser_struct_or_union_specifier (parser);
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  break;
	case RID_TYPEOF:
	  /* ??? The old parser rejected typeof after other type
	     specifiers, but is a syntax error the best way of
	     handling this?  */
	  if (!typespec_ok || seen_type)
	    goto out;
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  seen_type = true;
	  t = c_parser_typeof_specifier (parser);
	  declspecs_add_type (specs, t);
	  break;
	case RID_CONST:
	case RID_VOLATILE:
	case RID_RESTRICT:
	  attrs_ok = true;
	  declspecs_add_qual (specs, c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  break;
	case RID_ATTRIBUTE:
	  if (!attrs_ok)
	    goto out;
	  attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
	  declspecs_add_attrs (specs, attrs);
	  break;
	default:
	  goto out;
	}
    }
 out: ;
}

/* Parse an enum specifier (C90 6.5.2.2, C99 6.7.2.2).

   enum-specifier:
     enum attributes[opt] identifier[opt] { enumerator-list } attributes[opt]
     enum attributes[opt] identifier[opt] { enumerator-list , } attributes[opt]
     enum attributes[opt] identifier

   The form with trailing comma is new in C99.  The forms with
   attributes are GNU extensions.  In GNU C, we accept any expression
   without commas in the syntax (assignment expressions, not just
   conditional expressions); assignment expressions will be diagnosed
   as non-constant.

   enumerator-list:
     enumerator
     enumerator-list , enumerator

   enumerator:
     enumeration-constant
     enumeration-constant = constant-expression
*/

static struct c_typespec
c_parser_enum_specifier (c_parser *parser)
{
  struct c_typespec ret;
  tree attrs;
  tree ident = NULL_TREE;
  location_t ident_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;  /* Quiet warning.  */
  gcc_assert (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ENUM));
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
  /* Set the location in case we create a decl now.  */
  c_parser_set_source_position_from_token (c_parser_peek_token (parser));
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME))
    {
      ident = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
      ident_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE))
    {
      /* Parse an enum definition.  */
      struct c_enum_contents the_enum;
      tree type = start_enum (&the_enum, ident);
      tree postfix_attrs;
      /* We chain the enumerators in reverse order, then put them in
	 forward order at the end.  */
      tree values = NULL_TREE;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      while (true)
	{
	  tree enum_id;
	  tree enum_value;
	  tree enum_decl;
	  bool seen_comma;
	  c_token *token;
	  location_t comma_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;  /* Quiet warning.  */
	  location_t value_loc;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_NAME))
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected identifier");
	      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE, NULL);
	      values = error_mark_node;
	      break;
	    }
	  token = c_parser_peek_token (parser);
	  enum_id = token->value;
	  /* Set the location in case we create a decl now.  */
	  c_parser_set_source_position_from_token (token);
	  value_loc = token->location;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_EQ))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      value_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
	      enum_value = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
	    }
	  else
	    enum_value = NULL_TREE;
	  enum_decl = build_enumerator (&the_enum, enum_id, enum_value, 
					value_loc);
	  TREE_CHAIN (enum_decl) = values;
	  values = enum_decl;
	  seen_comma = false;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    {
	      comma_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
	      seen_comma = true;
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	    }
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
	    {
	      if (seen_comma && !flag_isoc99)
		pedwarn (comma_loc, OPT_pedantic, "comma at end of enumerator list");
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      break;
	    }
	  if (!seen_comma)
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<,%> or %<}%>");
	      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE, NULL);
	      values = error_mark_node;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      postfix_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
      ret.spec = finish_enum (type, nreverse (values),
			      chainon (attrs, postfix_attrs));
      ret.kind = ctsk_tagdef;
      return ret;
    }
  else if (!ident)
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<{%>");
      ret.spec = error_mark_node;
      ret.kind = ctsk_tagref;
      return ret;
    }
  ret = parser_xref_tag (ENUMERAL_TYPE, ident);
  /* In ISO C, enumerated types can be referred to only if already
     defined.  */
  if (pedantic && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (ret.spec))
    {
      gcc_assert (ident);
      pedwarn (ident_loc, OPT_pedantic,
	       "ISO C forbids forward references to %<enum%> types");
    }
  return ret;
}

/* Parse a struct or union specifier (C90 6.5.2.1, C99 6.7.2.1).

   struct-or-union-specifier:
     struct-or-union attributes[opt] identifier[opt]
       { struct-contents } attributes[opt]
     struct-or-union attributes[opt] identifier

   struct-contents:
     struct-declaration-list

   struct-declaration-list:
     struct-declaration ;
     struct-declaration-list struct-declaration ;

   GNU extensions:

   struct-contents:
     empty
     struct-declaration
     struct-declaration-list struct-declaration

   struct-declaration-list:
     struct-declaration-list ;
     ;

   (Note that in the syntax here, unlike that in ISO C, the semicolons
   are included here rather than in struct-declaration, in order to
   describe the syntax with extra semicolons and missing semicolon at
   end.)

   Objective-C:

   struct-declaration-list:
     @defs ( class-name )

   (Note this does not include a trailing semicolon, but can be
   followed by further declarations, and gets a pedwarn-if-pedantic
   when followed by a semicolon.)  */

static struct c_typespec
c_parser_struct_or_union_specifier (c_parser *parser)
{
  struct c_typespec ret;
  tree attrs;
  tree ident = NULL_TREE;
  enum tree_code code;
  switch (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword)
    {
    case RID_STRUCT:
      code = RECORD_TYPE;
      break;
    case RID_UNION:
      code = UNION_TYPE;
      break;
    default:
      gcc_unreachable ();
    }
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
  /* Set the location in case we create a decl now.  */
  c_parser_set_source_position_from_token (c_parser_peek_token (parser));
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME))
    {
      ident = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE))
    {
      /* Parse a struct or union definition.  Start the scope of the
	 tag before parsing components.  */
      tree type = start_struct (code, ident);
      tree postfix_attrs;
      /* We chain the components in reverse order, then put them in
	 forward order at the end.  Each struct-declaration may
	 declare multiple components (comma-separated), so we must use
	 chainon to join them, although when parsing each
	 struct-declaration we can use TREE_CHAIN directly.

	 The theory behind all this is that there will be more
	 semicolon separated fields than comma separated fields, and
	 so we'll be minimizing the number of node traversals required
	 by chainon.  */
      tree contents = NULL_TREE;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      /* Handle the Objective-C @defs construct,
	 e.g. foo(sizeof(struct{ @defs(ClassName) }));.  */
      if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_AT_DEFS))
	{
	  tree name;
	  gcc_assert (c_dialect_objc ());
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN, "expected %<(%>"))
	    goto end_at_defs;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
	      && c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_CLASSNAME)
	    {
	      name = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected class name");
	      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, NULL);
	      goto end_at_defs;
	    }
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  contents = nreverse (objc_get_class_ivars (name));
	}
    end_at_defs:
      /* Parse the struct-declarations and semicolons.  Problems with
	 semicolons are diagnosed here; empty structures are diagnosed
	 elsewhere.  */
      while (true)
	{
	  tree decls;
	  /* Parse any stray semicolon.  */
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
	    {
	      pedwarn (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location, OPT_pedantic, 
		       "extra semicolon in struct or union specified");
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      continue;
	    }
	  /* Stop if at the end of the struct or union contents.  */
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      break;
	    }
	  /* Accept #pragmas at struct scope.  */
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_PRAGMA))
	    {
	      c_parser_pragma (parser, pragma_external);
	      continue;
	    }
	  /* Parse some comma-separated declarations, but not the
	     trailing semicolon if any.  */
	  decls = c_parser_struct_declaration (parser);
	  contents = chainon (decls, contents);
	  /* If no semicolon follows, either we have a parse error or
	     are at the end of the struct or union and should
	     pedwarn.  */
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
	    c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  else
	    {
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
		pedwarn (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location, 0, 
			 "no semicolon at end of struct or union");
	      else
		{
		  c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<;%>");
		  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE, NULL);
		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
      postfix_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
      ret.spec = finish_struct (type, nreverse (contents),
				chainon (attrs, postfix_attrs));
      ret.kind = ctsk_tagdef;
      return ret;
    }
  else if (!ident)
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<{%>");
      ret.spec = error_mark_node;
      ret.kind = ctsk_tagref;
      return ret;
    }
  ret = parser_xref_tag (code, ident);
  return ret;
}

/* Parse a struct-declaration (C90 6.5.2.1, C99 6.7.2.1), *without*
   the trailing semicolon.

   struct-declaration:
     specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list

   specifier-qualifier-list:
     type-specifier specifier-qualifier-list[opt]
     type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-list[opt]
     attributes specifier-qualifier-list[opt]

   struct-declarator-list:
     struct-declarator
     struct-declarator-list , attributes[opt] struct-declarator

   struct-declarator:
     declarator attributes[opt]
     declarator[opt] : constant-expression attributes[opt]

   GNU extensions:

   struct-declaration:
     __extension__ struct-declaration
     specifier-qualifier-list

   Unlike the ISO C syntax, semicolons are handled elsewhere.  The use
   of attributes where shown is a GNU extension.  In GNU C, we accept
   any expression without commas in the syntax (assignment
   expressions, not just conditional expressions); assignment
   expressions will be diagnosed as non-constant.  */

static tree
c_parser_struct_declaration (c_parser *parser)
{
  struct c_declspecs *specs;
  tree prefix_attrs;
  tree all_prefix_attrs;
  tree decls;
  location_t decl_loc;
  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_EXTENSION))
    {
      int ext;
      tree decl;
      ext = disable_extension_diagnostics ();
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      decl = c_parser_struct_declaration (parser);
      restore_extension_diagnostics (ext);
      return decl;
    }
  specs = build_null_declspecs ();
  decl_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
  c_parser_declspecs (parser, specs, false, true, true);
  if (parser->error)
    return NULL_TREE;
  if (!specs->declspecs_seen_p)
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected specifier-qualifier-list");
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  finish_declspecs (specs);
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
    {
      tree ret;
      if (!specs->type_seen_p)
	{
	  pedwarn (decl_loc, OPT_pedantic, 
		   "ISO C forbids member declarations with no members");
	  shadow_tag_warned (specs, pedantic);
	  ret = NULL_TREE;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* Support for unnamed structs or unions as members of
	     structs or unions (which is [a] useful and [b] supports
	     MS P-SDK).  */
	  tree attrs = NULL;

	  ret = grokfield (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location,
			   build_id_declarator (NULL_TREE), specs,
			   NULL_TREE, &attrs);
	  if (ret)
	    decl_attributes (&ret, attrs, 0);
	}
      return ret;
    }
  pending_xref_error ();
  prefix_attrs = specs->attrs;
  all_prefix_attrs = prefix_attrs;
  specs->attrs = NULL_TREE;
  decls = NULL_TREE;
  while (true)
    {
      /* Declaring one or more declarators or un-named bit-fields.  */
      struct c_declarator *declarator;
      bool dummy = false;
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COLON))
	declarator = build_id_declarator (NULL_TREE);
      else
	declarator = c_parser_declarator (parser, specs->type_seen_p,
					  C_DTR_NORMAL, &dummy);
      if (declarator == NULL)
	{
	  c_parser_skip_to_end_of_block_or_statement (parser);
	  break;
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COLON)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE)
	  || c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
	{
	  tree postfix_attrs = NULL_TREE;
	  tree width = NULL_TREE;
	  tree d;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COLON))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      width = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
	    }
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
	    postfix_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
	  d = grokfield (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location,
			 declarator, specs, width, &all_prefix_attrs);
	  decl_attributes (&d, chainon (postfix_attrs,
					all_prefix_attrs), 0);
	  TREE_CHAIN (d) = decls;
	  decls = d;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
	    all_prefix_attrs = chainon (c_parser_attributes (parser),
					prefix_attrs);
	  else
	    all_prefix_attrs = prefix_attrs;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  else if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON)
		   || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
	    {
	      /* Semicolon consumed in caller.  */
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<,%>, %<;%> or %<}%>");
	      break;
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  c_parser_error (parser,
			  "expected %<:%>, %<,%>, %<;%>, %<}%> or "
			  "%<__attribute__%>");
	  break;
	}
    }
  return decls;
}

/* Parse a typeof specifier (a GNU extension).

   typeof-specifier:
     typeof ( expression )
     typeof ( type-name )
*/

static struct c_typespec
c_parser_typeof_specifier (c_parser *parser)
{
  struct c_typespec ret;
  ret.kind = ctsk_typeof;
  ret.spec = error_mark_node;
  gcc_assert (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_TYPEOF));
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  skip_evaluation++;
  in_typeof++;
  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN, "expected %<(%>"))
    {
      skip_evaluation--;
      in_typeof--;
      return ret;
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_starts_typename (parser))
    {
      struct c_type_name *type = c_parser_type_name (parser);
      skip_evaluation--;
      in_typeof--;
      if (type != NULL)
	{
	  ret.spec = groktypename (type);
	  pop_maybe_used (variably_modified_type_p (ret.spec, NULL_TREE));
	}
    }
  else
    {
      bool was_vm;
      location_t here = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
      struct c_expr expr = c_parser_expression (parser);
      skip_evaluation--;
      in_typeof--;
      if (TREE_CODE (expr.value) == COMPONENT_REF
	  && DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (TREE_OPERAND (expr.value, 1)))
	error_at (here, "%<typeof%> applied to a bit-field");
      ret.spec = TREE_TYPE (expr.value);
      was_vm = variably_modified_type_p (ret.spec, NULL_TREE);
      /* This should be returned with the type so that when the type
	 is evaluated, this can be evaluated.  For now, we avoid
	 evaluation when the context might.  */
      if (!skip_evaluation && was_vm)
	{
	  tree e = expr.value;

	  /* If the expression is not of a type to which we cannot assign a line
	     number, wrap the thing in a no-op NOP_EXPR.  */
	  if (DECL_P (e) || CONSTANT_CLASS_P (e))
	    e = build1 (NOP_EXPR, void_type_node, e);

	  protected_set_expr_location (e, here);

	  add_stmt (e);
	}
      pop_maybe_used (was_vm);
    }
  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, "expected %<)%>");
  return ret;
}

/* Parse a declarator, possibly an abstract declarator (C90 6.5.4,
   6.5.5, C99 6.7.5, 6.7.6).  If TYPE_SEEN_P then a typedef name may
   be redeclared; otherwise it may not.  KIND indicates which kind of
   declarator is wanted.  Returns a valid declarator except in the
   case of a syntax error in which case NULL is returned.  *SEEN_ID is
   set to true if an identifier being declared is seen; this is used
   to diagnose bad forms of abstract array declarators and to
   determine whether an identifier list is syntactically permitted.

   declarator:
     pointer[opt] direct-declarator

   direct-declarator:
     identifier
     ( attributes[opt] declarator )
     direct-declarator array-declarator
     direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
     direct-declarator ( identifier-list[opt] )

   pointer:
     * type-qualifier-list[opt]
     * type-qualifier-list[opt] pointer

   type-qualifier-list:
     type-qualifier
     attributes
     type-qualifier-list type-qualifier
     type-qualifier-list attributes

   parameter-type-list:
     parameter-list
     parameter-list , ...

   parameter-list:
     parameter-declaration
     parameter-list , parameter-declaration

   parameter-declaration:
     declaration-specifiers declarator attributes[opt]
     declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator[opt] attributes[opt]

   identifier-list:
     identifier
     identifier-list , identifier

   abstract-declarator:
     pointer
     pointer[opt] direct-abstract-declarator

   direct-abstract-declarator:
     ( attributes[opt] abstract-declarator )
     direct-abstract-declarator[opt] array-declarator
     direct-abstract-declarator[opt] ( parameter-type-list[opt] )

   GNU extensions:

   direct-declarator:
     direct-declarator ( parameter-forward-declarations
			 parameter-type-list[opt] )

   direct-abstract-declarator:
     direct-abstract-declarator[opt] ( parameter-forward-declarations
				       parameter-type-list[opt] )

   parameter-forward-declarations:
     parameter-list ;
     parameter-forward-declarations parameter-list ;

   The uses of attributes shown above are GNU extensions.

   Some forms of array declarator are not included in C99 in the
   syntax for abstract declarators; these are disallowed elsewhere.
   This may be a defect (DR#289).

   This function also accepts an omitted abstract declarator as being
   an abstract declarator, although not part of the formal syntax.  */

static struct c_declarator *
c_parser_declarator (c_parser *parser, bool type_seen_p, c_dtr_syn kind,
		     bool *seen_id)
{
  /* Parse any initial pointer part.  */
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_MULT))
    {
      struct c_declspecs *quals_attrs = build_null_declspecs ();
      struct c_declarator *inner;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      c_parser_declspecs (parser, quals_attrs, false, false, true);
      inner = c_parser_declarator (parser, type_seen_p, kind, seen_id);
      if (inner == NULL)
	return NULL;
      else
	return make_pointer_declarator (quals_attrs, inner);
    }
  /* Now we have a direct declarator, direct abstract declarator or
     nothing (which counts as a direct abstract declarator here).  */
  return c_parser_direct_declarator (parser, type_seen_p, kind, seen_id);
}

/* Parse a direct declarator or direct abstract declarator; arguments
   as c_parser_declarator.  */

static struct c_declarator *
c_parser_direct_declarator (c_parser *parser, bool type_seen_p, c_dtr_syn kind,
			    bool *seen_id)
{
  /* The direct declarator must start with an identifier (possibly
     omitted) or a parenthesized declarator (possibly abstract).  In
     an ordinary declarator, initial parentheses must start a
     parenthesized declarator.  In an abstract declarator or parameter
     declarator, they could start a parenthesized declarator or a
     parameter list.  To tell which, the open parenthesis and any
     following attributes must be read.  If a declaration specifier
     follows, then it is a parameter list; if the specifier is a
     typedef name, there might be an ambiguity about redeclaring it,
     which is resolved in the direction of treating it as a typedef
     name.  If a close parenthesis follows, it is also an empty
     parameter list, as the syntax does not permit empty abstract
     declarators.  Otherwise, it is a parenthesized declarator (in
     which case the analysis may be repeated inside it, recursively).

     ??? There is an ambiguity in a parameter declaration "int
     (__attribute__((foo)) x)", where x is not a typedef name: it
     could be an abstract declarator for a function, or declare x with
     parentheses.  The proper resolution of this ambiguity needs
     documenting.  At present we follow an accident of the old
     parser's implementation, whereby the first parameter must have
     some declaration specifiers other than just attributes.  Thus as
     a parameter declaration it is treated as a parenthesized
     parameter named x, and as an abstract declarator it is
     rejected.

     ??? Also following the old parser, attributes inside an empty
     parameter list are ignored, making it a list not yielding a
     prototype, rather than giving an error or making it have one
     parameter with implicit type int.

     ??? Also following the old parser, typedef names may be
     redeclared in declarators, but not Objective-C class names.  */

  if (kind != C_DTR_ABSTRACT
      && c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
      && ((type_seen_p
	   && c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_TYPENAME)
	  || c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_ID))
    {
      struct c_declarator *inner
	= build_id_declarator (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
      *seen_id = true;
      inner->id_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, *seen_id, inner);
    }

  if (kind != C_DTR_NORMAL
      && c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_SQUARE))
    {
      struct c_declarator *inner = build_id_declarator (NULL_TREE);
      return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, *seen_id, inner);
    }

  /* Either we are at the end of an abstract declarator, or we have
     parentheses.  */

  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN))
    {
      tree attrs;
      struct c_declarator *inner;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
      if (kind != C_DTR_NORMAL
	  && (c_parser_next_token_starts_declspecs (parser)
	      || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN)))
	{
	  struct c_arg_info *args
	    = c_parser_parms_declarator (parser, kind == C_DTR_NORMAL,
					 attrs);
	  if (args == NULL)
	    return NULL;
	  else
	    {
	      inner
		= build_function_declarator (args,
					     build_id_declarator (NULL_TREE));
	      return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, *seen_id,
						       inner);
	    }
	}
      /* A parenthesized declarator.  */
      inner = c_parser_declarator (parser, type_seen_p, kind, seen_id);
      if (inner != NULL && attrs != NULL)
	inner = build_attrs_declarator (attrs, inner);
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (inner == NULL)
	    return NULL;
	  else
	    return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, *seen_id, inner);
	}
      else
	{
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  return NULL;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      if (kind == C_DTR_NORMAL)
	{
	  c_parser_error (parser, "expected identifier or %<(%>");
	  return NULL;
	}
      else
	return build_id_declarator (NULL_TREE);
    }
}

/* Parse part of a direct declarator or direct abstract declarator,
   given that some (in INNER) has already been parsed; ID_PRESENT is
   true if an identifier is present, false for an abstract
   declarator.  */

static struct c_declarator *
c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (c_parser *parser, bool id_present,
				  struct c_declarator *inner)
{
  /* Parse a sequence of array declarators and parameter lists.  */
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_SQUARE))
    {
      struct c_declarator *declarator;
      struct c_declspecs *quals_attrs = build_null_declspecs ();
      bool static_seen;
      bool star_seen;
      tree dimen;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      c_parser_declspecs (parser, quals_attrs, false, false, true);
      static_seen = c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_STATIC);
      if (static_seen)
	c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      if (static_seen && !quals_attrs->declspecs_seen_p)
	c_parser_declspecs (parser, quals_attrs, false, false, true);
      if (!quals_attrs->declspecs_seen_p)
	quals_attrs = NULL;
      /* If "static" is present, there must be an array dimension.
	 Otherwise, there may be a dimension, "*", or no
	 dimension.  */
      if (static_seen)
	{
	  star_seen = false;
	  dimen = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
	}
      else
	{
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE))
	    {
	      dimen = NULL_TREE;
	      star_seen = false;
	    }
	  else if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_MULT))
	    {
	      if (c_parser_peek_2nd_token (parser)->type == CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE)
		{
		  dimen = NULL_TREE;
		  star_seen = true;
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		}
	      else
		{
		  star_seen = false;
		  dimen = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      star_seen = false;
	      dimen = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
	    }
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE))
	c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      else
	{
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE,
				     "expected %<]%>");
	  return NULL;
	}
      declarator = build_array_declarator (dimen, quals_attrs, static_seen,
					   star_seen);
      if (declarator == NULL)
	return NULL;
      inner = set_array_declarator_inner (declarator, inner);
      return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, id_present, inner);
    }
  else if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN))
    {
      tree attrs;
      struct c_arg_info *args;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
      args = c_parser_parms_declarator (parser, id_present, attrs);
      if (args == NULL)
	return NULL;
      else
	{
	  inner = build_function_declarator (args, inner);
	  return c_parser_direct_declarator_inner (parser, id_present, inner);
	}
    }
  return inner;
}

/* Parse a parameter list or identifier list, including the closing
   parenthesis but not the opening one.  ATTRS are the attributes at
   the start of the list.  ID_LIST_OK is true if an identifier list is
   acceptable; such a list must not have attributes at the start.  */

static struct c_arg_info *
c_parser_parms_declarator (c_parser *parser, bool id_list_ok, tree attrs)
{
  push_scope ();
  declare_parm_level ();
  /* If the list starts with an identifier, it is an identifier list.
     Otherwise, it is either a prototype list or an empty list.  */
  if (id_list_ok
      && !attrs
      && c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
      && c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_ID)
    {
      tree list = NULL_TREE, *nextp = &list;
      while (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
	     && c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_ID)
	{
	  *nextp = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE,
				    c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
	  nextp = & TREE_CHAIN (*nextp);
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    break;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	    {
	      c_parser_error (parser, "expected identifier");
	      break;
	    }
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	{
	  struct c_arg_info *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_arg_info);
	  ret->parms = 0;
	  ret->tags = 0;
	  ret->types = list;
	  ret->others = 0;
	  ret->pending_sizes = 0;
	  ret->had_vla_unspec = 0;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  pop_scope ();
	  return ret;
	}
      else
	{
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  pop_scope ();
	  return NULL;
	}
    }
  else
    {
      struct c_arg_info *ret = c_parser_parms_list_declarator (parser, attrs);
      pop_scope ();
      return ret;
    }
}

/* Parse a parameter list (possibly empty), including the closing
   parenthesis but not the opening one.  ATTRS are the attributes at
   the start of the list.  */

static struct c_arg_info *
c_parser_parms_list_declarator (c_parser *parser, tree attrs)
{
  bool good_parm = false;
  /* ??? Following the old parser, forward parameter declarations may
     use abstract declarators, and if no real parameter declarations
     follow the forward declarations then this is not diagnosed.  Also
     note as above that attributes are ignored as the only contents of
     the parentheses, or as the only contents after forward
     declarations.  */
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
    {
      struct c_arg_info *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_arg_info);
      ret->parms = 0;
      ret->tags = 0;
      ret->types = 0;
      ret->others = 0;
      ret->pending_sizes = 0;
      ret->had_vla_unspec = 0;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return ret;
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_ELLIPSIS))
    {
      struct c_arg_info *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_arg_info);
      ret->parms = 0;
      ret->tags = 0;
      ret->others = 0;
      ret->pending_sizes = 0;
      ret->had_vla_unspec = 0;
      /* Suppress -Wold-style-definition for this case.  */
      ret->types = error_mark_node;
      error_at (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location,
		"ISO C requires a named argument before %<...%>");
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  return ret;
	}
      else
	{
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  return NULL;
	}
    }
  /* Nonempty list of parameters, either terminated with semicolon
     (forward declarations; recurse) or with close parenthesis (normal
     function) or with ", ... )" (variadic function).  */
  while (true)
    {
      /* Parse a parameter.  */
      struct c_parm *parm = c_parser_parameter_declaration (parser, attrs);
      attrs = NULL_TREE;
      if (parm != NULL)
	{
	  good_parm = true;
	  push_parm_decl (parm);
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON))
	{
	  tree new_attrs;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  mark_forward_parm_decls ();
	  new_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
	  return c_parser_parms_list_declarator (parser, new_attrs);
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (good_parm)
	    return get_parm_info (false);
	  else
	    {
	      struct c_arg_info *ret
		= XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_arg_info);
	      ret->parms = 0;
	      ret->tags = 0;
	      ret->types = 0;
	      ret->others = 0;
	      ret->pending_sizes = 0;
	      ret->had_vla_unspec = 0;
	      return ret;
	    }
	}
      if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_COMMA,
			     "expected %<;%>, %<,%> or %<)%>"))
	{
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, NULL);
	  get_pending_sizes ();
	  return NULL;
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_ELLIPSIS))
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      if (good_parm)
		return get_parm_info (true);
	      else
		{
		  struct c_arg_info *ret
		    = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_arg_info);
		  ret->parms = 0;
		  ret->tags = 0;
		  ret->types = 0;
		  ret->others = 0;
		  ret->pending_sizes = 0;
		  ret->had_vla_unspec = 0;
		  return ret;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
					 "expected %<)%>");
	      get_pending_sizes ();
	      return NULL;
	    }
	}
    }
}

/* Parse a parameter declaration.  ATTRS are the attributes at the
   start of the declaration if it is the first parameter.  */

static struct c_parm *
c_parser_parameter_declaration (c_parser *parser, tree attrs)
{
  struct c_declspecs *specs;
  struct c_declarator *declarator;
  tree prefix_attrs;
  tree postfix_attrs = NULL_TREE;
  bool dummy = false;
  if (!c_parser_next_token_starts_declspecs (parser))
    {
      /* ??? In some Objective-C cases '...' isn't applicable so there
	 should be a different message.  */
      c_parser_error (parser,
		      "expected declaration specifiers or %<...%>");
      c_parser_skip_to_end_of_parameter (parser);
      return NULL;
    }
  specs = build_null_declspecs ();
  if (attrs)
    {
      declspecs_add_attrs (specs, attrs);
      attrs = NULL_TREE;
    }
  c_parser_declspecs (parser, specs, true, true, true);
  finish_declspecs (specs);
  pending_xref_error ();
  prefix_attrs = specs->attrs;
  specs->attrs = NULL_TREE;
  declarator = c_parser_declarator (parser, specs->type_seen_p,
				    C_DTR_PARM, &dummy);
  if (declarator == NULL)
    {
      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_COMMA, NULL);
      return NULL;
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
    postfix_attrs = c_parser_attributes (parser);
  return build_c_parm (specs, chainon (postfix_attrs, prefix_attrs),
		       declarator);
}

/* Parse a string literal in an asm expression.  It should not be
   translated, and wide string literals are an error although
   permitted by the syntax.  This is a GNU extension.

   asm-string-literal:
     string-literal

   ??? At present, following the old parser, the caller needs to have
   set lex_untranslated_string to 1.  It would be better to follow the
   C++ parser rather than using this kludge.  */

static tree
c_parser_asm_string_literal (c_parser *parser)
{
  tree str;
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_STRING))
    {
      str = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  else if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_WSTRING))
    {
      error_at (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location,
		"wide string literal in %<asm%>");
      str = build_string (1, "");
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  else
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected string literal");
      str = NULL_TREE;
    }
  return str;
}

/* Parse a simple asm expression.  This is used in restricted
   contexts, where a full expression with inputs and outputs does not
   make sense.  This is a GNU extension.

   simple-asm-expr:
     asm ( asm-string-literal )
*/

static tree
c_parser_simple_asm_expr (c_parser *parser)
{
  tree str;
  gcc_assert (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ASM));
  /* ??? Follow the C++ parser rather than using the
     lex_untranslated_string kludge.  */
  parser->lex_untranslated_string = true;
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN, "expected %<(%>"))
    {
      parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  str = c_parser_asm_string_literal (parser);
  parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, "expected %<)%>"))
    {
      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, NULL);
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
  return str;
}

/* Parse (possibly empty) attributes.  This is a GNU extension.

   attributes:
     empty
     attributes attribute

   attribute:
     __attribute__ ( ( attribute-list ) )

   attribute-list:
     attrib
     attribute_list , attrib

   attrib:
     empty
     any-word
     any-word ( identifier )
     any-word ( identifier , nonempty-expr-list )
     any-word ( expr-list )

   where the "identifier" must not be declared as a type, and
   "any-word" may be any identifier (including one declared as a
   type), a reserved word storage class specifier, type specifier or
   type qualifier.  ??? This still leaves out most reserved keywords
   (following the old parser), shouldn't we include them, and why not
   allow identifiers declared as types to start the arguments?  */

static tree
c_parser_attributes (c_parser *parser)
{
  tree attrs = NULL_TREE;
  while (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_ATTRIBUTE))
    {
      /* ??? Follow the C++ parser rather than using the
	 lex_untranslated_string kludge.  */
      parser->lex_untranslated_string = true;
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN, "expected %<(%>"))
	{
	  parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
	  return attrs;
	}
      if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN, "expected %<(%>"))
	{
	  parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN, NULL);
	  return attrs;
	}
      /* Parse the attribute list.  */
      while (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA)
	     || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
	     || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_KEYWORD))
	{
	  tree attr, attr_name, attr_args;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    {
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      continue;
	    }
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_KEYWORD))
	    {
	      /* ??? See comment above about what keywords are
		 accepted here.  */
	      bool ok;
	      switch (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword)
		{
		case RID_STATIC:
		case RID_UNSIGNED:
		case RID_LONG:
		case RID_CONST:
		case RID_EXTERN:
		case RID_REGISTER:
		case RID_TYPEDEF:
		case RID_SHORT:
		case RID_INLINE:
		case RID_VOLATILE:
		case RID_SIGNED:
		case RID_AUTO:
		case RID_RESTRICT:
		case RID_COMPLEX:
		case RID_THREAD:
		case RID_INT:
		case RID_CHAR:
		case RID_FLOAT:
		case RID_DOUBLE:
		case RID_VOID:
		case RID_DFLOAT32:
		case RID_DFLOAT64:
		case RID_DFLOAT128:
		case RID_BOOL:
		case RID_FRACT:
		case RID_ACCUM:
		case RID_SAT:
		  ok = true;
		  break;
		default:
		  ok = false;
		  break;
		}
	      if (!ok)
		break;
	      /* Accept __attribute__((__const)) as __attribute__((const))
		 etc.  */
	      attr_name
		= ridpointers[(int) c_parser_peek_token (parser)->keyword];
	    }
	  else
	    attr_name = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_OPEN_PAREN))
	    {
	      attr = build_tree_list (attr_name, NULL_TREE);
	      attrs = chainon (attrs, attr);
	      continue;
	    }
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  /* Parse the attribute contents.  If they start with an
	     identifier which is followed by a comma or close
	     parenthesis, then the arguments start with that
	     identifier; otherwise they are an expression list.  */
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
	      && c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind == C_ID_ID
	      && ((c_parser_peek_2nd_token (parser)->type == CPP_COMMA)
		  || (c_parser_peek_2nd_token (parser)->type
		      == CPP_CLOSE_PAREN)))
	    {
	      tree arg1 = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
		attr_args = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, arg1);
	      else
		{
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		  attr_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, arg1,
					 c_parser_expr_list (parser, false));
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
		attr_args = NULL_TREE;
	      else
		attr_args = c_parser_expr_list (parser, false);
	    }
	  attr = build_tree_list (attr_name, attr_args);
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	    c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  else
	    {
	      parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
	      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
					 "expected %<)%>");
	      return attrs;
	    }
	  attrs = chainon (attrs, attr);
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      else
	{
	  parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  return attrs;
	}
      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN))
	c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      else
	{
	  parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
	  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_PAREN,
				     "expected %<)%>");
	  return attrs;
	}
      parser->lex_untranslated_string = false;
    }
  return attrs;
}

/* Parse a type name (C90 6.5.5, C99 6.7.6).

   type-name:
     specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declarator[opt]
*/

static struct c_type_name *
c_parser_type_name (c_parser *parser)
{
  struct c_declspecs *specs = build_null_declspecs ();
  struct c_declarator *declarator;
  struct c_type_name *ret;
  bool dummy = false;
  c_parser_declspecs (parser, specs, false, true, true);
  if (!specs->declspecs_seen_p)
    {
      c_parser_error (parser, "expected specifier-qualifier-list");
      return NULL;
    }
  pending_xref_error ();
  finish_declspecs (specs);
  declarator = c_parser_declarator (parser, specs->type_seen_p,
				    C_DTR_ABSTRACT, &dummy);
  if (declarator == NULL)
    return NULL;
  ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_type_name);
  ret->specs = specs;
  ret->declarator = declarator;
  return ret;
}

/* Parse an initializer (C90 6.5.7, C99 6.7.8).

   initializer:
     assignment-expression
     { initializer-list }
     { initializer-list , }

   initializer-list:
     designation[opt] initializer
     initializer-list , designation[opt] initializer

   designation:
     designator-list =

   designator-list:
     designator
     designator-list designator

   designator:
     array-designator
     . identifier

   array-designator:
     [ constant-expression ]

   GNU extensions:

   initializer:
     { }

   designation:
     array-designator
     identifier :

   array-designator:
     [ constant-expression ... constant-expression ]

   Any expression without commas is accepted in the syntax for the
   constant-expressions, with non-constant expressions rejected later.

   This function is only used for top-level initializers; for nested
   ones, see c_parser_initval.  */

static struct c_expr
c_parser_initializer (c_parser *parser)
{
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE))
    return c_parser_braced_init (parser, NULL_TREE, false);
  else
    {
      struct c_expr ret;
      ret = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL);
      if (TREE_CODE (ret.value) != STRING_CST
	  && TREE_CODE (ret.value) != COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR)
	ret = default_function_array_conversion (ret);
      return ret;
    }
}

/* Parse a braced initializer list.  TYPE is the type specified for a
   compound literal, and NULL_TREE for other initializers and for
   nested braced lists.  NESTED_P is true for nested braced lists,
   false for the list of a compound literal or the list that is the
   top-level initializer in a declaration.  */

static struct c_expr
c_parser_braced_init (c_parser *parser, tree type, bool nested_p)
{
  location_t brace_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
  gcc_assert (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE));
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  if (nested_p)
    push_init_level (0);
  else
    really_start_incremental_init (type);
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
    {
      pedwarn (brace_loc, OPT_pedantic, "ISO C forbids empty initializer braces");
    }
  else
    {
      /* Parse a non-empty initializer list, possibly with a trailing
	 comma.  */
      while (true)
	{
	  c_parser_initelt (parser);
	  if (parser->error)
	    break;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
	    c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  else
	    break;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
	    break;
	}
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
    {
      struct c_expr ret;
      ret.value = error_mark_node;
      ret.original_code = ERROR_MARK;
      c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE, "expected %<}%>");
      pop_init_level (0);
      return ret;
    }
  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
  return pop_init_level (0);
}

/* Parse a nested initializer, including designators.  */

static void
c_parser_initelt (c_parser *parser)
{
  /* Parse any designator or designator list.  A single array
     designator may have the subsequent "=" omitted in GNU C, but a
     longer list or a structure member designator may not.  */
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME)
      && c_parser_peek_2nd_token (parser)->type == CPP_COLON)
    {
      /* Old-style structure member designator.  */
      set_init_label (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
      /* Use the colon as the error location.  */
      pedwarn (c_parser_peek_2nd_token (parser)->location, OPT_pedantic, 
	       "obsolete use of designated initializer with %<:%>");
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
    }
  else
    {
      /* des_seen is 0 if there have been no designators, 1 if there
	 has been a single array designator and 2 otherwise.  */
      int des_seen = 0;
      /* Location of a designator.  */
      location_t des_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;  /* Quiet warning.  */
      while (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_SQUARE)
	     || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_DOT))
	{
	  int des_prev = des_seen;
	  if (!des_seen)
	    des_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
	  if (des_seen < 2)
	    des_seen++;
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_DOT))
	    {
	      des_seen = 2;
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_NAME))
		{
		  set_init_label (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		}
	      else
		{
		  struct c_expr init;
		  init.value = error_mark_node;
		  init.original_code = ERROR_MARK;
		  c_parser_error (parser, "expected identifier");
		  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_COMMA, NULL);
		  process_init_element (init, false);
		  return;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      tree first, second;
	      location_t ellipsis_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;  /* Quiet warning.  */
	      /* ??? Following the old parser, [ objc-receiver
		 objc-message-args ] is accepted as an initializer,
		 being distinguished from a designator by what follows
		 the first assignment expression inside the square
		 brackets, but after a first array designator a
		 subsequent square bracket is for Objective-C taken to
		 start an expression, using the obsolete form of
		 designated initializer without '=', rather than
		 possibly being a second level of designation: in LALR
		 terms, the '[' is shifted rather than reducing
		 designator to designator-list.  */
	      if (des_prev == 1 && c_dialect_objc ())
		{
		  des_seen = des_prev;
		  break;
		}
	      if (des_prev == 0 && c_dialect_objc ())
		{
		  /* This might be an array designator or an
		     Objective-C message expression.  If the former,
		     continue parsing here; if the latter, parse the
		     remainder of the initializer given the starting
		     primary-expression.  ??? It might make sense to
		     distinguish when des_prev == 1 as well; see
		     previous comment.  */
		  tree rec, args;
		  struct c_expr mexpr;
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		  if (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->type == CPP_NAME
		      && ((c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind
			   == C_ID_TYPENAME)
			  || (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->id_kind
			      == C_ID_CLASSNAME)))
		    {
		      /* Type name receiver.  */
		      tree id = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value;
		      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		      rec = objc_get_class_reference (id);
		      goto parse_message_args;
		    }
		  first = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
		  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_ELLIPSIS)
		      || c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE))
		    goto array_desig_after_first;
		  /* Expression receiver.  So far only one part
		     without commas has been parsed; there might be
		     more of the expression.  */
		  rec = first;
		  while (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_COMMA))
		    {
		      struct c_expr next;
		      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		      next = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL);
		      next = default_function_array_conversion (next);
		      rec = build_compound_expr (rec, next.value);
		    }
		parse_message_args:
		  /* Now parse the objc-message-args.  */
		  args = c_parser_objc_message_args (parser);
		  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE,
					     "expected %<]%>");
		  mexpr.value
		    = objc_build_message_expr (build_tree_list (rec, args));
		  mexpr.original_code = ERROR_MARK;
		  /* Now parse and process the remainder of the
		     initializer, starting with this message
		     expression as a primary-expression.  */
		  c_parser_initval (parser, &mexpr);
		  return;
		}
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	      first = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
	    array_desig_after_first:
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_ELLIPSIS))
		{
		  ellipsis_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		  second = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, NULL).value;
		}
	      else
		second = NULL_TREE;
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE))
		{
		  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
		  set_init_index (first, second);
		  if (second)
		    pedwarn (ellipsis_loc, OPT_pedantic, 
			     "ISO C forbids specifying range of elements to initialize");
		}
	      else
		c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_CLOSE_SQUARE,
					   "expected %<]%>");
	    }
	}
      if (des_seen >= 1)
	{
	  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_EQ))
	    {
	      if (!flag_isoc99)
		pedwarn (des_loc, OPT_pedantic, 
			 "ISO C90 forbids specifying subobject to initialize");
	      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      if (des_seen == 1)
		pedwarn (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location, OPT_pedantic, 
			 "obsolete use of designated initializer without %<=%>");
	      else
		{
		  struct c_expr init;
		  init.value = error_mark_node;
		  init.original_code = ERROR_MARK;
		  c_parser_error (parser, "expected %<=%>");
		  c_parser_skip_until_found (parser, CPP_COMMA, NULL);
		  process_init_element (init, false);
		  return;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  c_parser_initval (parser, NULL);
}

/* Parse a nested initializer; as c_parser_initializer but parses
   initializers within braced lists, after any designators have been
   applied.  If AFTER is not NULL then it is an Objective-C message
   expression which is the primary-expression starting the
   initializer.  */

static void
c_parser_initval (c_parser *parser, struct c_expr *after)
{
  struct c_expr init;
  gcc_assert (!after || c_dialect_objc ());
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE) && !after)
    init = c_parser_braced_init (parser, NULL_TREE, true);
  else
    {
      init = c_parser_expr_no_commas (parser, after);
      if (init.value != NULL_TREE
	  && TREE_CODE (init.value) != STRING_CST
	  && TREE_CODE (init.value) != COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR)
	init = default_function_array_conversion (init);
    }
  process_init_element (init, false);
}

/* Parse a compound statement (possibly a function body) (C90 6.6.2,
   C99 6.8.2).

   compound-statement:
     { block-item-list[opt] }
     { label-declarations block-item-list }

   block-item-list:
     block-item
     block-item-list block-item

   block-item:
     nested-declaration
     statement

   nested-declaration:
     declaration

   GNU extensions:

   compound-statement:
     { label-declarations block-item-list }

   nested-declaration:
     __extension__ nested-declaration
     nested-function-definition

   label-declarations:
     label-declaration
     label-declarations label-declaration

   label-declaration:
     __label__ identifier-list ;

   Allowing the mixing of declarations and code is new in C99.  The
   GNU syntax also permits (not shown above) labels at the end of
   compound statements, which yield an error.  We don't allow labels
   on declarations; this might seem like a natural extension, but
   there would be a conflict between attributes on the label and
   prefix attributes on the declaration.  ??? The syntax follows the
   old parser in requiring something after label declarations.
   Although they are erroneous if the labels declared aren't defined,
   is it useful for the syntax to be this way?
   
   OpenMP:
   
   block-item:
     openmp-directive

   openmp-directive:
     barrier-directive
     flush-directive  */

static tree
c_parser_compound_statement (c_parser *parser)
{
  tree stmt;
  if (!c_parser_require (parser, CPP_OPEN_BRACE, "expected %<{%>"))
    {
      /* Ensure a scope is entered and left anyway to avoid confusion
	 if we have just prepared to enter a function body.  */
      stmt = c_begin_compound_stmt (true);
      c_end_compound_stmt (stmt, true);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  stmt = c_begin_compound_stmt (true);
  c_parser_compound_statement_nostart (parser);
  return c_end_compound_stmt (stmt, true);
}

/* Parse a compound statement except for the opening brace.  This is
   used for parsing both compound statements and statement expressions
   (which follow different paths to handling the opening).  */

static void
c_parser_compound_statement_nostart (c_parser *parser)
{
  bool last_stmt = false;
  bool last_label = false;
  location_t label_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;  /* Quiet warning.  */
  if (c_parser_next_token_is (parser, CPP_CLOSE_BRACE))
    {
      c_parser_consume_token (parser);
      return;
    }
  if (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_LABEL))
    {
      location_t err_loc = c_parser_peek_token (parser)->location;
      /* Read zero or more forward-declarations for labels that nested
	 functions can jump to.  */
      while (c_parser_next_token_is_keyword (parser, RID_LABEL))
	{
	  c_parser_consume_token (parser);
	  /* Any identifiers, including those declared as type names,
	     are OK here.  */
	  while (true)
	    {
	      tree label;
	      if (c_parser_next_token_is_not (parser, CPP_NAME))
		{
		  c_parser_error (parser, "expected identifier");
		  break;
		}
	      label
		= declare_label (c_parser_peek_token (parser)->value);
	      C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (label) =