gcc/d/dmd/root/string.d

/**
 * Contains various string related functions.
 *
 * Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2023 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
 * Authors:   Walter Bright, https://www.digitalmars.com
 * License:   $(LINK2 https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
 * Source:    $(LINK2 https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/src/dmd/root/string.d, root/_string.d)
 * Documentation:  https://dlang.org/phobos/dmd_root_string.html
 * Coverage:    https://codecov.io/gh/dlang/dmd/src/master/src/dmd/root/string.d
 */
module dmd.root.string;

/// Slices a `\0`-terminated C-string, excluding the terminator
inout(char)[] toDString (inout(char)* s) pure nothrow @nogc
{
    import core.stdc.string : strlen;
    return s ? s[0 .. strlen(s)] : null;
}

/**
Compare two slices for equality, in a case-insensitive way

Comparison is based on `char` and does not do decoding.
As a result, it's only really accurate for plain ASCII strings.

Params:
s1 = string to compare
s2 = string to compare

Returns:
`true` if `s1 == s2` regardless of case
*/
extern(D) static bool iequals(const(char)[] s1, const(char)[] s2) pure nothrow @nogc
{
    import core.stdc.ctype : toupper;

    if (s1.length != s2.length)
        return false;

    foreach (idx, c1; s1)
    {
        // Since we did a length check, it is safe to bypass bounds checking
        const c2 = s2.ptr[idx];
        if (c1 != c2)
            if (toupper(c1) != toupper(c2))
                return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/**
Copy the content of `src` into a C-string ('\0' terminated) then call `dg`

The intent of this function is to provide an allocation-less
way to call a C function using a D slice.
The function internally allocates a buffer if needed, but frees it on exit.

Note:
The argument to `dg` is `scope`. To keep the data around after `dg` exits,
one has to copy it.

Params:
src = Slice to use to call the C function
dg  = Delegate to call afterwards

Returns:
The return value of `T`
*/
auto toCStringThen(alias dg)(const(char)[] src) nothrow
{
    import dmd.root.rmem : mem;
    import dmd.common.string : SmallBuffer;

    const len = src.length + 1;
    char[512] small = void;
    auto sb = SmallBuffer!char(len, small[]);
    scope ptr = sb[];
    ptr[0 .. src.length] = src[];
    ptr[src.length] = '\0';
    return dg(ptr);
}

unittest
{
    assert("Hello world".toCStringThen!((v) => v == "Hello world\0"));
    assert("Hello world\0".toCStringThen!((v) => v == "Hello world\0\0"));
    assert(null.toCStringThen!((v) => v == "\0"));
}

/**
 * Strips one leading line terminator of the given string.
 *
 * The following are what the Unicode standard considers as line terminators:
 *
 * | Name                | D Escape Sequence | Unicode Code Point |
 * |---------------------|-------------------|--------------------|
 * | Line feed           | `\n`              | `U+000A`           |
 * | Line tabulation     | `\v`              | `U+000B`           |
 * | Form feed           | `\f`              | `U+000C`           |
 * | Carriage return     | `\r`              | `U+000D`           |
 * | Next line           |                   | `U+0085`           |
 * | Line separator      |                   | `U+2028`           |
 * | Paragraph separator |                   | `U+2029`           |
 *
 * This function will also strip `\r\n`.
 */
string stripLeadingLineTerminator(string str) pure nothrow @nogc @safe
{
    enum nextLine = "\xC2\x85";
    enum lineSeparator = "\xE2\x80\xA8";
    enum paragraphSeparator = "\xE2\x80\xA9";

    static assert(lineSeparator.length == paragraphSeparator.length);

    if (str.length == 0)
        return str;

    switch (str[0])
    {
        case '\r':
        {
            if (str.length >= 2 && str[1] == '\n')
                return str[2 .. $];
            goto case;
        }
        case '\v', '\f', '\n': return str[1 .. $];

        case nextLine[0]:
        {
            if (str.length >= 2 && str[0 .. 2] == nextLine)
                return str[2 .. $];

            return str;
        }

        case lineSeparator[0]:
        {
            if (str.length >= lineSeparator.length)
            {
                const prefix = str[0 .. lineSeparator.length];

                if (prefix == lineSeparator || prefix == paragraphSeparator)
                    return str[lineSeparator.length .. $];
            }

            return str;
        }

        default: return str;
    }
}

unittest
{
    assert("".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "");
    assert("foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\xC2foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "\xC2foo");
    assert("\xE2foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "\xE2foo");
    assert("\nfoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\vfoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\ffoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\rfoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\u0085foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\u2028foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\u2029foo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
    assert("\n\rfoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "\rfoo");
    assert("\r\nfoo".stripLeadingLineTerminator == "foo");
}

/**
 * A string comparison functions that returns the same result as strcmp
 *
 * Note: Strings are compared based on their ASCII values, no UTF-8 decoding.
 *
 * Some C functions (e.g. `qsort`) require a `int` result for comparison.
 * See_Also: Druntime's `core.internal.string`
 */
int dstrcmp()( scope const char[] s1, scope const char[] s2 ) @trusted
{
    immutable len = s1.length <= s2.length ? s1.length : s2.length;
    if (__ctfe)
    {
        foreach (const u; 0 .. len)
        {
            if (s1[u] != s2[u])
                return s1[u] > s2[u] ? 1 : -1;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        import core.stdc.string : memcmp;

        const ret = memcmp( s1.ptr, s2.ptr, len );
        if ( ret )
            return ret;
    }
    return s1.length < s2.length ? -1 : (s1.length > s2.length);
}

//
unittest
{
    assert(dstrcmp("Fraise", "Fraise")      == 0);
    assert(dstrcmp("Baguette", "Croissant") < 0);
    assert(dstrcmp("Croissant", "Baguette") > 0);

    static assert(dstrcmp("Baguette", "Croissant") < 0);

    // UTF-8 decoding for the CT variant
    assert(dstrcmp("안녕하세요!", "안녕하세요!") == 0);
    static assert(dstrcmp("안녕하세요!", "안녕하세요!") == 0);
}

/**
 * Infers the length `N` of a string literal and coerces its type to a static
 * array with length `N + 1`. Returns the string with a null character appended
 * to the end.
 *
 * Params:
 *  literal = string literal
 *
 * Notes:
 *  - LDC produces quite optimal code for short strings:
 *    - https://d.godbolt.org/z/M69Z1g
 *    - https://gist.github.com/PetarKirov/338e4ab9292b6b2b311a3070572a07fb (backup URL)
*/
char[N + 1] toStaticArray(size_t N)(scope const(char)[N] literal)
{
    char[N+1] result = void;
    result[0..N] = literal[0..N];
    result[N] = 0;
    return result;
}

///
@safe pure nothrow @nogc
unittest
{
    auto m = "123".toStaticArray;
    const c = "123".toStaticArray;
    immutable i = "123".toStaticArray;
    enum e = "123".toStaticArray;

    assert(m == "123\0");
    assert(c == "123\0");
    assert(i == "123\0");
    static assert(e == "123\0");

    const empty = "".toStaticArray;
    static assert(empty.length == 1);
    static assert(empty[0] == '\0');
}

/**
 * Checks if C string `p` starts with `needle`.
 * Params:
 *     p = the C string to check
 *     needle = the string to look for
 * Returns:
 *    `true` if `p` starts with `needle`
 */
@system pure nothrow @nogc
bool startsWith(scope const(char)* p, scope const(char)[] needle)
in { assert(p && needle.ptr); }
do
{
    foreach (const c; needle)
    {
        assert(c);
        if (c != *p)
            return false;
        ++p;
    }
    return true;
}

///
@system pure nothrow @nogc
unittest
{
    const buf = "123".toStaticArray;
    const ptr = &buf[0];
    assert(ptr.startsWith(""));
    assert(ptr.startsWith("1"));
    assert(ptr.startsWith("12"));
    assert(ptr.startsWith("123"));
    assert(!ptr.startsWith("1234"));
}