| @c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 
 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. | 
 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. | 
 | @ifset GENERIC | 
 | @page | 
 | @node Z8000-Dependent | 
 | @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features | 
 | @end ifset | 
 | @ifclear GENERIC | 
 | @node Machine Dependencies | 
 | @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features | 
 | @end ifclear | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex Z8000 support | 
 | The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the | 
 | unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with | 
 | 24 bit addresses. | 
 |  | 
 | When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the | 
 | @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit) | 
 | sized register.  When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with | 
 | the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit) | 
 | register.  @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000}, | 
 | for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives. | 
 |  | 
 | @menu | 
 | * Z8000 Options::               No special command-line options for Z8000 | 
 | * Z8000 Syntax::                Assembler syntax for the Z8000 | 
 | * Z8000 Directives::            Special directives for the Z8000 | 
 | * Z8000 Opcodes::               Opcodes | 
 | @end menu | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000 Options | 
 | @section Options | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex Z8000 options | 
 | @cindex options, Z8000 | 
 | @code{@value{AS}} has no additional command-line options for the Zilog | 
 | Z8000 family. | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000 Syntax | 
 | @section Syntax | 
 | @menu | 
 | * Z8000-Chars::                Special Characters | 
 | * Z8000-Regs::                 Register Names | 
 | * Z8000-Addressing::           Addressing Modes | 
 | @end menu | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000-Chars | 
 | @subsection Special Characters | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex line comment character, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex Z8000 line comment character | 
 | @samp{!} is the line comment character. | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex line separator, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex statement separator, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex Z8000 line separator | 
 | You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements. | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000-Regs | 
 | @subsection Register Names | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex Z8000 registers | 
 | @cindex registers, Z8000 | 
 | The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15.  You can refer | 
 | to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the | 
 | prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and | 
 | @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers.  You can also refer to the contents of | 
 | the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes.  They are | 
 | named @samp{r@var{n}h} and @samp{r@var{n}l}. | 
 |  | 
 | @smallexample | 
 | @exdent @emph{byte registers} | 
 | r0l r0h r1h r1l r2h r2l r3h r3l | 
 | r4h r4l r5h r5l r6h r6l r7h r7l | 
 |  | 
 | @exdent @emph{word registers} | 
 | r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15 | 
 |  | 
 | @exdent @emph{long word registers} | 
 | rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14 | 
 |  | 
 | @exdent @emph{quad word registers} | 
 | rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12 | 
 | @end smallexample | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000-Addressing | 
 | @subsection Addressing Modes | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex addressing modes, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex Z800 addressing modes | 
 | @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000: | 
 |  | 
 | @table @code | 
 | @item r@var{n} | 
 | Register direct | 
 |  | 
 | @item @@r@var{n} | 
 | Indirect register | 
 |  | 
 | @item @var{addr} | 
 | Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler | 
 | is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction. | 
 |  | 
 | @item address(r@var{n}) | 
 | Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce | 
 | the final address in memory of the operand. | 
 |  | 
 | @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm}) | 
 | Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign | 
 | extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory | 
 | of the operand. | 
 |  | 
 | @item r@var{n}(r@var{m}) | 
 | Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} is added to the sign | 
 | extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final address in | 
 | memory of the operand. | 
 |  | 
 | @item #@var{xx} | 
 | Immediate data @var{xx}. | 
 | @end table | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000 Directives | 
 | @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000 | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex Z8000 directives | 
 | @cindex directives, Z8000 | 
 | The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes these additional assembler directives, | 
 | for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers.  As shown, these do not | 
 | begin with @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives). | 
 |  | 
 | @table @code | 
 | @kindex segm | 
 | @item segm | 
 | Generates code for the segmented Z8001. | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex unsegm | 
 | @item unsegm | 
 | Generates code for the unsegmented Z8002. | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex name | 
 | @item name | 
 | Synonym for @code{.file} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex global | 
 | @item global | 
 | Synonym for @code{.global} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex wval | 
 | @item wval | 
 | Synonym for @code{.word} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex lval | 
 | @item lval | 
 | Synonym for @code{.long} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex bval | 
 | @item bval | 
 | Synonym for @code{.byte} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex sval | 
 | @item sval | 
 | Assemble a string.  @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by | 
 | single quotes.  It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive | 
 | addresses.  You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where | 
 | @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the | 
 | character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}.  Use this feature to | 
 | describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string | 
 | literals as themselves.  For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a = | 
 | "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language | 
 | (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as | 
 |  | 
 | @iftex | 
 | @begingroup | 
 | @let@nonarrowing=@comment | 
 | @end iftex | 
 | @smallexample | 
 | 68652073    sval    'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00' | 
 | 61696420 | 
 | 22697427 | 
 | 73203530 | 
 | 25206F66 | 
 | 662200 | 
 | @end smallexample | 
 | @iftex | 
 | @endgroup | 
 | @end iftex | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex rsect | 
 | @item rsect | 
 | synonym for @code{.section} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex block | 
 | @item block | 
 | synonym for @code{.space} | 
 |  | 
 | @kindex even | 
 | @item even | 
 | special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary. | 
 | @end table | 
 |  | 
 | @node Z8000 Opcodes | 
 | @section Opcodes | 
 |  | 
 | @cindex Z8000 opcode summary | 
 | @cindex opcode summary, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex mnemonics, Z8000 | 
 | @cindex instruction summary, Z8000 | 
 | For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see | 
 | @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}. | 
 |  | 
 | @ifset SMALL | 
 | @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly | 
 | @c except in smallbook.  See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file. | 
 |  | 
 | The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments: | 
 | @iftex | 
 | @begingroup | 
 | @let@nonarrowing=@comment | 
 | @end iftex | 
 | @smallexample | 
 |  | 
 |             rs   @r{16 bit source register} | 
 |             rd   @r{16 bit destination register} | 
 |             rbs   @r{8 bit source register} | 
 |             rbd   @r{8 bit destination register} | 
 |             rrs   @r{32 bit source register} | 
 |             rrd   @r{32 bit destination register} | 
 |             rqs   @r{64 bit source register} | 
 |             rqd   @r{64 bit destination register} | 
 |             addr @r{16/24 bit address} | 
 |             imm  @r{immediate data} | 
 |  | 
 | adc rd,rs               clrb addr               cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc | 
 | adcb rbd,rbs            clrb addr(rd)           cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc | 
 | add rd,@@rs              clrb rbd                dab rbd | 
 | add rd,addr             com @@rd                 dbjnz rbd,disp7 | 
 | add rd,addr(rs)         com addr                dec @@rd,imm4m1 | 
 | add rd,imm16            com addr(rd)            dec addr(rd),imm4m1 | 
 | add rd,rs               com rd                  dec addr,imm4m1 | 
 | addb rbd,@@rs            comb @@rd                dec rd,imm4m1 | 
 | addb rbd,addr           comb addr               decb @@rd,imm4m1 | 
 | addb rbd,addr(rs)       comb addr(rd)           decb addr(rd),imm4m1 | 
 | addb rbd,imm8           comb rbd                decb addr,imm4m1 | 
 | addb rbd,rbs            comflg flags            decb rbd,imm4m1 | 
 | addl rrd,@@rs            cp @@rd,imm16            di i2 | 
 | addl rrd,addr           cp addr(rd),imm16       div rrd,@@rs | 
 | addl rrd,addr(rs)       cp addr,imm16           div rrd,addr | 
 | addl rrd,imm32          cp rd,@@rs               div rrd,addr(rs) | 
 | addl rrd,rrs            cp rd,addr              div rrd,imm16 | 
 | and rd,@@rs              cp rd,addr(rs)          div rrd,rs | 
 | and rd,addr             cp rd,imm16             divl rqd,@@rs | 
 | and rd,addr(rs)         cp rd,rs                divl rqd,addr | 
 | and rd,imm16            cpb @@rd,imm8            divl rqd,addr(rs) | 
 | and rd,rs               cpb addr(rd),imm8       divl rqd,imm32 | 
 | andb rbd,@@rs            cpb addr,imm8           divl rqd,rrs | 
 | andb rbd,addr           cpb rbd,@@rs             djnz rd,disp7 | 
 | andb rbd,addr(rs)       cpb rbd,addr            ei i2 | 
 | andb rbd,imm8           cpb rbd,addr(rs)        ex rd,@@rs | 
 | andb rbd,rbs            cpb rbd,imm8            ex rd,addr | 
 | bit @@rd,imm4            cpb rbd,rbs             ex rd,addr(rs) | 
 | bit addr(rd),imm4       cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc        ex rd,rs | 
 | bit addr,imm4           cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      exb rbd,@@rs | 
 | bit rd,imm4             cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc       exb rbd,addr | 
 | bit rd,rs               cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     exb rbd,addr(rs) | 
 | bitb @@rd,imm4           cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc        exb rbd,rbs | 
 | bitb addr(rd),imm4      cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc      ext0e imm8 | 
 | bitb addr,imm4          cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc       ext0f imm8 | 
 | bitb rbd,imm4           cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc     ext8e imm8 | 
 | bitb rbd,rs             cpl rrd,@@rs             ext8f imm8 | 
 | bpt                     cpl rrd,addr            exts rrd | 
 | call @@rd                cpl rrd,addr(rs)        extsb rd | 
 | call addr               cpl rrd,imm32           extsl rqd | 
 | call addr(rd)           cpl rrd,rrs             halt | 
 | calr disp12             cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      in rd,@@rs | 
 | clr @@rd                 cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     in rd,imm16 | 
 | clr addr                cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inb rbd,@@rs | 
 | clr addr(rd)            cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc    inb rbd,imm16 | 
 | clr rd                  cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc      inc @@rd,imm4m1 | 
 | clrb @@rd                cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc     inc addr(rd),imm4m1 | 
 | inc addr,imm4m1         ldb rbd,rs(rx)          mult rrd,addr(rs) | 
 | inc rd,imm4m1           ldb rd(imm16),rbs       mult rrd,imm16 | 
 | incb @@rd,imm4m1         ldb rd(rx),rbs          mult rrd,rs | 
 | incb addr(rd),imm4m1    ldctl ctrl,rs           multl rqd,@@rs | 
 | incb addr,imm4m1        ldctl rd,ctrl           multl rqd,addr | 
 | incb rbd,imm4m1         ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr          multl rqd,addr(rs) | 
 | ind @@rd,@@rs,ra          lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,imm32 | 
 | indb @@rd,@@rs,rba        lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr         multl rqd,rrs | 
 | inib @@rd,@@rs,ra         lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr        neg @@rd | 
 | inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra        ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr          neg addr | 
 | iret                    ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg addr(rd) | 
 | jp cc,@@rd               ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr         neg rd | 
 | jp cc,addr              ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr        negb @@rd | 
 | jp cc,addr(rd)          ldk rd,imm4             negb addr | 
 | jr cc,disp8             ldl @@rd,rrs             negb addr(rd) | 
 | ld @@rd,imm16            ldl addr(rd),rrs        negb rbd | 
 | ld @@rd,rs               ldl addr,rrs            nop | 
 | ld addr(rd),imm16       ldl rd(imm16),rrs       or rd,@@rs | 
 | ld addr(rd),rs          ldl rd(rx),rrs          or rd,addr | 
 | ld addr,imm16           ldl rrd,@@rs             or rd,addr(rs) | 
 | ld addr,rs              ldl rrd,addr            or rd,imm16 | 
 | ld rd(imm16),rs         ldl rrd,addr(rs)        or rd,rs | 
 | ld rd(rx),rs            ldl rrd,imm32           orb rbd,@@rs | 
 | ld rd,@@rs               ldl rrd,rrs             orb rbd,addr | 
 | ld rd,addr              ldl rrd,rs(imm16)       orb rbd,addr(rs) | 
 | ld rd,addr(rs)          ldl rrd,rs(rx)          orb rbd,imm8 | 
 | ld rd,imm16             ldm @@rd,rs,n            orb rbd,rbs | 
 | ld rd,rs                ldm addr(rd),rs,n       out @@rd,rs | 
 | ld rd,rs(imm16)         ldm addr,rs,n           out imm16,rs | 
 | ld rd,rs(rx)            ldm rd,@@rs,n            outb @@rd,rbs | 
 | lda rd,addr             ldm rd,addr(rs),n       outb imm16,rbs | 
 | lda rd,addr(rs)         ldm rd,addr,n           outd @@rd,@@rs,ra | 
 | lda rd,rs(imm16)        ldps @@rs                outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba | 
 | lda rd,rs(rx)           ldps addr               outib @@rd,@@rs,ra | 
 | ldar rd,disp16          ldps addr(rs)           outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra | 
 | ldb @@rd,imm8            ldr disp16,rs           pop @@rd,@@rs | 
 | ldb @@rd,rbs             ldr rd,disp16           pop addr(rd),@@rs | 
 | ldb addr(rd),imm8       ldrb disp16,rbs         pop addr,@@rs | 
 | ldb addr(rd),rbs        ldrb rbd,disp16         pop rd,@@rs | 
 | ldb addr,imm8           ldrl disp16,rrs         popl @@rd,@@rs | 
 | ldb addr,rbs            ldrl rrd,disp16         popl addr(rd),@@rs | 
 | ldb rbd,@@rs             mbit                    popl addr,@@rs | 
 | ldb rbd,addr            mreq rd                 popl rrd,@@rs | 
 | ldb rbd,addr(rs)        mres                    push @@rd,@@rs | 
 | ldb rbd,imm8            mset                    push @@rd,addr | 
 | ldb rbd,rbs             mult rrd,@@rs            push @@rd,addr(rs) | 
 | ldb rbd,rs(imm16)       mult rrd,addr           push @@rd,imm16 | 
 | push @@rd,rs             set addr,imm4           subl rrd,imm32 | 
 | pushl @@rd,@@rs           set rd,imm4             subl rrd,rrs | 
 | pushl @@rd,addr          set rd,rs               tcc cc,rd | 
 | pushl @@rd,addr(rs)      setb @@rd,imm4           tccb cc,rbd | 
 | pushl @@rd,rrs           setb addr(rd),imm4      test @@rd | 
 | res @@rd,imm4            setb addr,imm4          test addr | 
 | res addr(rd),imm4       setb rbd,imm4           test addr(rd) | 
 | res addr,imm4           setb rbd,rs             test rd | 
 | res rd,imm4             setflg imm4             testb @@rd | 
 | res rd,rs               sinb rbd,imm16          testb addr | 
 | resb @@rd,imm4           sinb rd,imm16           testb addr(rd) | 
 | resb addr(rd),imm4      sind @@rd,@@rs,ra         testb rbd | 
 | resb addr,imm4          sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba       testl @@rd | 
 | resb rbd,imm4           sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra        testl addr | 
 | resb rbd,rs             sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra       testl addr(rd) | 
 | resflg imm4             sla rd,imm8             testl rrd | 
 | ret cc                  slab rbd,imm8           trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba | 
 | rl rd,imm1or2           slal rrd,imm8           trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba | 
 | rlb rbd,imm1or2         sll rd,imm8             trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr | 
 | rlc rd,imm1or2          sllb rbd,imm8           trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr | 
 | rlcb rbd,imm1or2        slll rrd,imm8           trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr | 
 | rldb rbb,rba            sout imm16,rs           trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr | 
 | rr rd,imm1or2           soutb imm16,rbs         trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr | 
 | rrb rbd,imm1or2         soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra        trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr | 
 | rrc rd,imm1or2          soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba      tset @@rd | 
 | rrcb rbd,imm1or2        soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra       tset addr | 
 | rrdb rbb,rba            soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra      tset addr(rd) | 
 | rsvd36                  sra rd,imm8             tset rd | 
 | rsvd38                  srab rbd,imm8           tsetb @@rd | 
 | rsvd78                  sral rrd,imm8           tsetb addr | 
 | rsvd7e                  srl rd,imm8             tsetb addr(rd) | 
 | rsvd9d                  srlb rbd,imm8           tsetb rbd | 
 | rsvd9f                  srll rrd,imm8           xor rd,@@rs | 
 | rsvdb9                  sub rd,@@rs              xor rd,addr | 
 | rsvdbf                  sub rd,addr             xor rd,addr(rs) | 
 | sbc rd,rs               sub rd,addr(rs)         xor rd,imm16 | 
 | sbcb rbd,rbs            sub rd,imm16            xor rd,rs | 
 | sc imm8                 sub rd,rs               xorb rbd,@@rs | 
 | sda rd,rs               subb rbd,@@rs            xorb rbd,addr | 
 | sdab rbd,rs             subb rbd,addr           xorb rbd,addr(rs) | 
 | sdal rrd,rs             subb rbd,addr(rs)       xorb rbd,imm8 | 
 | sdl rd,rs               subb rbd,imm8           xorb rbd,rbs | 
 | sdlb rbd,rs             subb rbd,rbs            xorb rbd,rbs | 
 | sdll rrd,rs             subl rrd,@@rs | 
 | set @@rd,imm4            subl rrd,addr | 
 | set addr(rd),imm4       subl rrd,addr(rs) | 
 | @end smallexample | 
 | @iftex | 
 | @endgroup | 
 | @end iftex | 
 | @end ifset | 
 |  |