| .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation |
| .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution |
| .TH ar 1 "1999" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools" |
| .de BP |
| .sp |
| .ti \-.2i |
| \(** |
| .. |
| |
| .SH NAME |
| ar \- create, modify, and extract from archives. |
| |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| .hy 0 |
| .na |
| .BR ar " [\|" "-" "\|]"\c |
| .I {dmpqrtx}[abcfilNoPsSuvV] \c |
| [\|\c |
| .I membername\c |
| \&\|] \c |
| [\|\c |
| .I count\c |
| \&\|] \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&.\|.\|. |
| |
| .ad b |
| .hy 1 |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| The GNU \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& program creates, modifies, and extracts from |
| archives. An \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& is a single file holding a collection of |
| other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve |
| the original individual files (called \c |
| .I members\c |
| \& of the archive). |
| |
| The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and |
| group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on |
| extraction. |
| |
| GNU \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& can maintain archives whose members have names of any |
| length; however, depending on how \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& is configured on your |
| system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility |
| with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the |
| limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16 |
| characters (typical of formats related to coff). |
| |
| \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& is considered a binary utility because archives of this sort |
| are most often used as \c |
| .I libraries\c |
| \& holding commonly needed |
| subroutines. |
| |
| \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable |
| object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier `\|\c |
| .B s\c |
| \|'. |
| Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& |
| makes a change to its contents (save for the `\|\c |
| .B q\c |
| \|' update operation). |
| An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and |
| allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to |
| their placement in the archive. |
| |
| You may use `\|\c |
| .B nm \-s\c |
| \|' or `\|\c |
| .B nm \-\-print\-armap\c |
| \|' to list this index |
| table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& called |
| \c |
| .B ranlib\c |
| \& can be used to add just the table. |
| |
| \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& insists on at least two arguments to execute: one |
| keyletter specifying the \c |
| .I operation\c |
| \& (optionally accompanied by other |
| keyletters specifying \c |
| .I modifiers\c |
| \&), and the archive name to act on. |
| |
| Most operations can also accept further \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& arguments, |
| specifying particular files to operate on. |
| |
| .SH OPTIONS |
| GNU \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& allows you to mix the operation code \c |
| .I p\c |
| \& and modifier |
| flags \c |
| .I mod\c |
| \& in any order, within the first command-line argument. |
| |
| If you wish, you may begin the first command-line argument with a |
| dash. |
| |
| The \c |
| .I p\c |
| \& keyletter specifies what operation to execute; it may be |
| any of the following, but you must specify only one of them: |
| |
| .TP |
| .B d |
| \c |
| .I Delete\c |
| \& modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to |
| be deleted as \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&; the archive is untouched if you |
| specify no files to delete. |
| |
| If you specify the `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' modifier, \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& will list each module |
| as it is deleted. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B m |
| Use this operation to \c |
| .I move\c |
| \& members in an archive. |
| |
| The ordering of members in an archive can make a difference in how |
| programs are linked using the library, if a symbol is defined in more |
| than one member. |
| |
| If no modifiers are used with \c |
| .B m\c |
| \&, any members you name in the |
| \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& arguments are moved to the \c |
| .I end\c |
| \& of the archive; |
| you can use the `\|\c |
| .B a\c |
| \|', `\|\c |
| .B b\c |
| \|', or `\|\c |
| .B i\c |
| \|' modifiers to move them to a |
| specified place instead. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B p |
| \c |
| .I Print\c |
| \& the specified members of the archive, to the standard |
| output file. If the `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' modifier is specified, show the member |
| name before copying its contents to standard output. |
| |
| If you specify no \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&, all the files in the archive are printed. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B q |
| \c |
| .I Quick append\c |
| \&; add \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& to the end of \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \&, |
| without checking for replacement. |
| |
| The modifiers `\|\c |
| .B a\c |
| \|', `\|\c |
| .B b\c |
| \|', and `\|\c |
| .B i\c |
| \|' do \c |
| .I not\c |
| \& affect this |
| operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive. |
| |
| The modifier `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' makes \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& list each file as it is appended. |
| |
| Since the point of this operation is speed, the archive's symbol table |
| index is not updated, even if it already existed; you can use `\|\c |
| .B ar s\c |
| \|' or |
| \c |
| .B ranlib\c |
| \& explicitly to update the symbol table index. |
| |
| However, too many different systems assume quick append rebuilds the |
| index, so GNU |
| .B ar |
| implements `\|\c |
| .B q\c |
| \|' as a synonym for `\|\c |
| .B r\c |
| \|'. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B r |
| Insert \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& into \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& (with \c |
| .I replacement\c |
| \&). This |
| operation differs from `\|\c |
| .B q\c |
| \|' in that any previously existing members |
| are deleted if their names match those being added. |
| |
| If one of the files named in \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& doesn't exist, \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& |
| displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members |
| of the archive matching that name. |
| |
| By default, new members are added at the end of the file; but you may |
| use one of the modifiers `\|\c |
| .B a\c |
| \|', `\|\c |
| .B b\c |
| \|', or `\|\c |
| .B i\c |
| \|' to request |
| placement relative to some existing member. |
| |
| The modifier `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' used with this operation elicits a line of |
| output for each file inserted, along with one of the letters `\|\c |
| .B a\c |
| \|' or |
| `\|\c |
| .B r\c |
| \|' to indicate whether the file was appended (no old member |
| deleted) or replaced. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B t |
| Display a \c |
| .I table\c |
| \& listing the contents of \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \&, or those |
| of the files listed in \c |
| .I files\c |
| \& that are present in the |
| archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to |
| see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can |
| request that by also specifying the `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' modifier. |
| |
| If you do not specify any \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&, all files in the archive |
| are listed. |
| |
| If there is more than one file with the same name (say, `\|\c |
| .B fie\c |
| \|') in |
| an archive (say `\|\c |
| .B b.a\c |
| \|'), `\|\c |
| .B ar t b.a fie\c |
| \|' will list only the |
| first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete |
| listing\(em\&in our example, `\|\c |
| .B ar t b.a\c |
| \|'. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B x |
| \c |
| .I Extract\c |
| \& members (named \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&) from the archive. You can |
| use the `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' modifier with this operation, to request that |
| \c |
| .B ar\c |
| \& list each name as it extracts it. |
| |
| If you do not specify any \c |
| .I files\c |
| \&, all files in the archive |
| are extracted. |
| |
| .PP |
| |
| A number of modifiers (\c |
| .I mod\c |
| \&) may immediately follow the \c |
| .I p\c |
| \& |
| keyletter, to specify variations on an operation's behavior: |
| |
| .TP |
| .B a |
| Add new files \c |
| .I after\c |
| \& an existing member of the |
| archive. If you use the modifier \c |
| .B a\c |
| \&, the name of an existing archive |
| member must be present as the \c |
| .I membername\c |
| \& argument, before the |
| \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& specification. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B b |
| Add new files \c |
| .I before\c |
| \& an existing member of the |
| archive. If you use the modifier \c |
| .B b\c |
| \&, the name of an existing archive |
| member must be present as the \c |
| .I membername\c |
| \& argument, before the |
| \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& specification. (same as `\|\c |
| .B i\c |
| \|'). |
| |
| .TP |
| .B c |
| \c |
| .I Create\c |
| \& the archive. The specified \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& is always |
| created if it didn't exist, when you request an update. But a warning is |
| issued unless you specify in advance that you expect to create it, by |
| using this modifier. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B f |
| Truncate names in the archive. |
| .B ar |
| will normally permit file names of any length. This will cause it to |
| create archives which are not compatible with the native |
| .B ar |
| program on some systems. If this is a concern, the |
| .B f |
| modifier may be used to truncate file names when putting them in the |
| archive. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B i |
| Insert new files \c |
| .I before\c |
| \& an existing member of the |
| archive. If you use the modifier \c |
| .B i\c |
| \&, the name of an existing archive |
| member must be present as the \c |
| .I membername\c |
| \& argument, before the |
| \c |
| .I archive\c |
| \& specification. (same as `\|\c |
| .B b\c |
| \|'). |
| |
| .TP |
| .B l |
| This modifier is accepted but not used. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B N |
| Uses the |
| .I count |
| parameter. This is used if there are multiple entries in the archive |
| with the same name. Extract or delete instance |
| .I count |
| of the given name from the archive. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B o |
| Preserve the \c |
| .I original\c |
| \& dates of members when extracting them. If |
| you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive |
| will be stamped with the time of extraction. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B P |
| Use the full path name when matching names in the archive. |
| .B ar |
| can not create an archive with a full path name (such archives are not |
| POSIX complaint), but other archive creators can. This option will |
| cause |
| .B ar |
| to match file names using a complete path name, which can be |
| convenient when extracting a single file from an archive created by |
| another tool. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B s |
| Write an object-file index into the archive, or update an existing one, |
| even if no other change is made to the archive. You may use this modifier |
| flag either with any operation, or alone. Running `\|\c |
| .B ar s\c |
| \|' on an |
| archive is equivalent to running `\|\c |
| .B ranlib\c |
| \|' on it. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B S |
| Do not generate an archive symbol table. This can speed up building a |
| large library in several steps. The resulting archive can not be used |
| with the linker. In order to build a symbol table, you must omit the |
| `\|\c |
| .B S\c |
| \|' modifier on the last execution of `\|\c |
| .B ar\c |
| \|', or you must run `\|\c |
| .B ranlib\c |
| \|' on the archive. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B u |
| Normally, \c |
| .B ar r\c |
| \&.\|.\|. inserts all files |
| listed into the archive. If you would like to insert \c |
| .I only\c |
| \& those |
| of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same |
| names, use this modifier. The `\|\c |
| .B u\c |
| \|' modifier is allowed only for the |
| operation `\|\c |
| .B r\c |
| \|' (replace). In particular, the combination `\|\c |
| .B qu\c |
| \|' is |
| not allowed, since checking the timestamps would lose any speed |
| advantage from the operation `\|\c |
| .B q\c |
| \|'. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B v |
| This modifier requests the \c |
| .I verbose\c |
| \& version of an operation. Many |
| operations display additional information, such as filenames processed, |
| when the modifier `\|\c |
| .B v\c |
| \|' is appended. |
| |
| .TP |
| .B V |
| This modifier shows the version number of |
| .BR ar . |
| |
| .PP |
| |
| .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" |
| entry in |
| .B |
| info\c |
| \&; |
| .I |
| The GNU Binary Utilities\c |
| , Roland H. Pesch (October 1991). |
| .BR nm ( 1 )\c |
| \&, |
| .BR ranlib ( 1 )\c |
| \&. |
| |
| .SH COPYING |
| Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| .PP |
| This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free |
| Documentation License, version 1.1. That license is described in the |
| sources for this manual page, but it is not displayed here in order to |
| make this manual more consise. Copies of this license can also be |
| obtained from: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| |
| \" .SH GNU Free Documentation License |
| \" Version 1.1, March 2000 |
| |
| \" Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| \" 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| |
| \" Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim |
| \" copies of this license document, but changing it is |
| \" not allowed. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 0. PREAMBLE |
| \" .PP |
| \" The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| \" written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone |
| \" the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without |
| \" modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, |
| \" this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get |
| \" credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
| \" modifications made by others. |
| \" .PP |
| \" This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| \" works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| \" complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| \" license designed for free software. |
| \" .PP |
| \" We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| \" software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| \" program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| \" software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| \" it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| \" whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| \" principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| \" .PP |
| \" This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a |
| \" notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed |
| \" under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any |
| \" such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is |
| \" addressed as "you". |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
| \" Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| \" modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of |
| \" the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| \" publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject |
| \" (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly |
| \" within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a |
| \" textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any |
| \" mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| \" connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| \" commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| \" them. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| \" are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| \" that says that the Document is released under this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| \" as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| \" the Document is released under this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| \" represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| \" general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and |
| \" straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| \" pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| \" drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| \" for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| \" to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| \" format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage |
| \" subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is |
| \" not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
| \" .PP |
| \" Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| \" ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML |
| \" or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple |
| \" HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include |
| \" PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only |
| \" by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
| \" processing tools are not generally available, and the |
| \" machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output |
| \" purposes only. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| \" plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| \" this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| \" formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
| \" the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| \" preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 2. VERBATIM COPYING |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| \" commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| \" copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| \" to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| \" conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| \" technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| \" copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| \" compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| \" number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| \" you may publicly display copies. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, |
| \" and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose |
| \" the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| \" Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| \" the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| \" you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| \" the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| \" visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| \" Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| \" the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| \" as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| \" legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| \" reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| \" pages. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| \" more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| \" copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| \" a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete |
| \" Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the |
| \" general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no |
| \" charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter |
| \" option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin |
| \" distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this |
| \" Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location |
| \" until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque |
| \" copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to |
| \" the public. |
| \" .PP |
| \" It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| \" Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| \" them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" 4. MODIFICATIONS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| \" the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| \" the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| \" Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| \" and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| \" of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| \" .PP |
| \" A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| \" from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| \" (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| \" of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| \" if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| \" .PP |
| \" B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| \" responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| \" Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| \" Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five). |
| \" .PP |
| \" C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| \" Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| \" .PP |
| \" D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| \" adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| \" .PP |
| \" F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| \" giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| \" terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| \" Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| \" and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| \" .PP |
| \" H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| \" .PP |
| \" I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to |
| \" it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| \" publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| \" there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
| \" stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| \" given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| \" Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| \" .PP |
| \" J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| \" public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| \" the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| \" it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
| \" You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| \" least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| \" publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| \" .PP |
| \" K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", |
| \" preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the |
| \" substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements |
| \" and/or dedications given therein. |
| \" .PP |
| \" L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| \" unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| \" or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| \" .PP |
| \" M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| \" may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| \" .PP |
| \" N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" |
| \" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| \" appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| \" copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| \" of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| \" list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| \" These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| \" nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| \" parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| \" been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| \" standard. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| \" passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| \" of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| \" Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| \" through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| \" includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| \" by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| \" you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| \" permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| \" give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| \" imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| \" License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| \" versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| \" Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| \" list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| \" license notice. |
| \" .PP |
| \" The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| \" multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| \" copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| \" different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| \" adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| \" author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| \" Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| \" Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| \" .PP |
| \" In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" |
| \" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled |
| \" "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| \" and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections |
| \" entitled "Endorsements." |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| \" released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| \" License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| \" the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| \" verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| \" it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| \" License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| \" other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| \" .PP |
| \" A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| \" and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| \" distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version |
| \" of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the |
| \" compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this |
| \" License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled |
| \" with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they |
| \" are not themselves derivative works of the Document. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| \" copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter |
| \" of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| \" covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. |
| \" Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 8. TRANSLATION |
| \" .PP |
| \" Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| \" distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| \" Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| \" permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| \" translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| \" original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| \" translation of this License provided that you also include the |
| \" original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement |
| \" between the translation and the original English version of this |
| \" License, the original English version will prevail. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 9. TERMINATION |
| \" .PP |
| \" You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| \" as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| \" copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| \" automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| \" parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| \" License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| \" parties remain in full compliance. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| \" .PP |
| \" The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| \" of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| \" versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| \" differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| \" http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. |
| \" .PP |
| \" Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| \" If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| \" License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
| \" following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| \" of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| \" Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| \" number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| \" as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| \" .PP |
| |
| \" ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| \" .PP |
| \" To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| \" the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| \" license notices just after the title page: |
| \" .PP |
| \" Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
| \" Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or |
| \" modify this document under the terms of the GNU |
| \" Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later |
| \" version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| \" with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, |
| \" with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the |
| \" Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license |
| \" is included in the section entitled "GNU Free |
| \" Documentation License". |
| \" .PP |
| \" If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" |
| \" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no |
| \" Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of |
| \" "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. |
| \" .PP |
| \" If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| \" recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| \" free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| \" to permit their use in free software. |