libstdc++-v3/include/bits/utility.h

// Utilities used throughout the library -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2004-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file include/bits/utility.h
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{utility}
 *
 *  This file contains the parts of `<utility>` needed by other headers,
 *  so they don't need to include the whole of `<utility>`.
 */

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_UTILITY_H
#define _GLIBCXX_UTILITY_H 1

#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYSHDR
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L

#include <type_traits>
#include <bits/move.h>
#ifdef __glibcxx_constant_wrapper // C++ >= 26
#  include <bits/invoke.h>
#endif

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /// Finds the size of a given tuple type.
  template<typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_size;

  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 2313. tuple_size should always derive from integral_constant<size_t, N>
  // 2770. tuple_size<const T> specialization is not SFINAE compatible

  template<typename _Tp,
	   typename _Up = typename remove_cv<_Tp>::type,
	   typename = typename enable_if<is_same<_Tp, _Up>::value>::type,
	   size_t = tuple_size<_Tp>::value>
    using __enable_if_has_tuple_size = _Tp;

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_size<const __enable_if_has_tuple_size<_Tp>>
    : public tuple_size<_Tp> { };

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_size<volatile __enable_if_has_tuple_size<_Tp>>
    : public tuple_size<_Tp> { };

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_size<const volatile __enable_if_has_tuple_size<_Tp>>
    : public tuple_size<_Tp> { };

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr size_t tuple_size_v = tuple_size<_Tp>::value;
#endif

  /// Gives the type of the ith element of a given tuple type.
  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_element;

  // Duplicate of C++14's tuple_element_t for internal use in C++11 mode
  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    using __tuple_element_t = typename tuple_element<__i, _Tp>::type;

  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_element<__i, const _Tp>
    {
      using type = const __tuple_element_t<__i, _Tp>;
    };

  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_element<__i, volatile _Tp>
    {
      using type = volatile __tuple_element_t<__i, _Tp>;
    };

  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    struct tuple_element<__i, const volatile _Tp>
    {
      using type = const volatile __tuple_element_t<__i, _Tp>;
    };

#if __cplusplus >= 201402L

  // Return the index of _Tp in _Types, if it occurs exactly once.
  // Otherwise, return sizeof...(_Types).
  template<typename _Tp, typename... _Types>
    constexpr size_t
    __find_uniq_type_in_pack()
    {
      constexpr size_t __sz = sizeof...(_Types);
      constexpr bool __found[__sz] = { __is_same(_Tp, _Types) ... };
      size_t __n = __sz;
      for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __sz; ++__i)
	{
	  if (__found[__i])
	    {
	      if (__n < __sz) // more than one _Tp found
		return __sz;
	      __n = __i;
	    }
	}
      return __n;
    }
#endif // C++14

// The standard says this macro and alias template should be in <tuple> but we
// define them here, to be available in <array>, <utility> and <ranges> too.
// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
// 3378. tuple_size_v/tuple_element_t should be available when
//       tuple_size/tuple_element are
#ifdef __glibcxx_tuple_element_t // C++ >= 14
  template<size_t __i, typename _Tp>
    using tuple_element_t = typename tuple_element<__i, _Tp>::type;
#endif

#ifdef __glibcxx_constant_wrapper // C++ >= 26
  template<typename _Tp>
    struct _CwFixedValue
    {
      using __type = _Tp;

      constexpr
      _CwFixedValue(__type __v) noexcept
      : _M_data(__v) { }

      __type _M_data;
    };

  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
    struct _CwFixedValue<_Tp[_Extent]>
    {
      using __type = _Tp[_Extent];

      constexpr
      _CwFixedValue(_Tp (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept
        : _CwFixedValue(__arr, typename _Build_index_tuple<_Extent>::__type())
      { }

      template<size_t... _Indices>
	constexpr
	_CwFixedValue(_Tp (&__arr)[_Extent], _Index_tuple<_Indices...>) noexcept
	  : _M_data{__arr[_Indices]...}
	{ }

      _Tp _M_data[_Extent];
    };

  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
    _CwFixedValue(_Tp (&)[_Extent]) -> _CwFixedValue<_Tp[_Extent]>;

  template<_CwFixedValue _Xv,
	   typename = typename decltype(_CwFixedValue(_Xv))::__type>
    struct constant_wrapper;

  template<typename _Tp>
    concept _ConstExprParam = requires
    {
      typename constant_wrapper<_Tp::value>;
    };

  struct _CwOperators
  {
    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator+(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(+_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator-(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(-_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator~(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(~_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator!(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(!_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator&(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(&_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator*(_Tp) noexcept -> constant_wrapper<(*_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator+(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value + _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator-(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value - _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator*(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value * _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator/(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value / _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator%(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value % _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator<<(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value << _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator>>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value >> _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator&(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value & _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator|(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value | _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator^(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value ^ _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      requires (!is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Left::value)>
		|| !is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Right::value)>)
      friend constexpr auto
      operator&&(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value && _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      requires (!is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Left::value)>
		|| !is_constructible_v<bool, decltype(_Right::value)>)
      friend constexpr auto
      operator||(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value || _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator<=>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value <=> _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator<(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value < _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator<=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value <= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator==(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value == _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator!=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value != _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator>(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value > _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator>=(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<(_Left::value >= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator,(_Left, _Right) noexcept = delete;

    template<_ConstExprParam _Left, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      friend constexpr auto
      operator->*(_Left, _Right) noexcept
	-> constant_wrapper<_Left::value->*(_Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      constexpr auto
      operator++(this _Tp) noexcept
 	-> constant_wrapper<(++_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      constexpr auto
      operator++(this _Tp, int) noexcept
 	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value++)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      constexpr auto
      operator--(this _Tp) noexcept
 	-> constant_wrapper<(--_Tp::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp>
      constexpr auto
      operator--(this _Tp, int) noexcept
 	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value--)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator+=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value += _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator-=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value -= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator*=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value *= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator/=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value /= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator%=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value %= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator&=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value &= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator|=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value |= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator^=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value ^= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator<<=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value <<= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<_ConstExprParam _Tp, _ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator>>=(this _Tp, _Right) noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(_Tp::value >>= _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }
  };

  template<_CwFixedValue _Xv, typename>
  struct constant_wrapper : _CwOperators
  {
    static constexpr const auto& value = _Xv._M_data;
    using type = constant_wrapper;
    using value_type = typename decltype(_Xv)::__type;

    template<_ConstExprParam _Right>
      constexpr auto
      operator=(_Right) const noexcept
  	-> constant_wrapper<(value = _Right::value)>
      { return {}; }

    template<typename... _Args,
	     bool _ConstExprInvocable = requires {
	       requires (_ConstExprParam<remove_cvref_t<_Args>> && ...);
	       typename constant_wrapper<std::__invoke(value, remove_cvref_t<_Args>::value...)>;
	     }>
      requires _ConstExprInvocable || is_invocable_v<const value_type&, _Args...>
      static constexpr decltype(auto)
      operator()(_Args&&... __args)
      noexcept(requires {
	requires _ConstExprInvocable || is_nothrow_invocable_v<const value_type&, _Args...>;
      })
      {
	if constexpr (_ConstExprInvocable)
	  return constant_wrapper<std::__invoke(value, remove_cvref_t<_Args>::value...)>{};
	else
	  return std::__invoke(value, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
      }

    template<typename... _Args,
	     bool _ConstExprSubscriptable = requires {
	       requires (_ConstExprParam<remove_cvref_t<_Args>> && ...);
	       typename constant_wrapper<value[remove_cvref_t<_Args>::value...]>;
	     }>
      requires _ConstExprSubscriptable || requires { value[std::declval<_Args>()...]; }
      static constexpr decltype(auto)
      operator[](_Args&&... __args)
      noexcept(requires {
	requires _ConstExprSubscriptable || noexcept(value[std::declval<_Args>()...]);
      })
      {
	if constexpr (_ConstExprSubscriptable)
	  return constant_wrapper<value[remove_cvref_t<_Args>::value...]>{};
	else
	  return value[std::forward<_Args>(__args)...];
      }

    constexpr
    operator decltype(value)() const noexcept
    { return value; }
  };

  template<typename>
    constexpr bool __is_constant_wrapper_v = false;

  template<auto __cw, typename _Fn>
    constexpr bool __is_constant_wrapper_v<constant_wrapper<__cw, _Fn>> = true;

  template<_CwFixedValue _Tp>
    constexpr auto cw = constant_wrapper<_Tp>{};
#endif

#ifdef __glibcxx_integer_sequence // C++ >= 14

  /// Class template integer_sequence
  template<typename _Tp, _Tp... _Idx>
    struct integer_sequence
    {
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
      static_assert(is_integral_v<_Tp>);
#endif
      typedef _Tp value_type;
      static constexpr size_t size() noexcept { return sizeof...(_Idx); }
    };

#if __glibcxx_integer_sequence >= 202511L // C++ >= 26
  /** @brief Structured binding support for `integer_sequence`

    * @since C++26
    * @{
    */
  /// Structured binding support
  template<typename _Tp, _Tp... _Idx>
    struct tuple_size<integer_sequence<_Tp, _Idx...>>
    : integral_constant<size_t, sizeof...(_Idx)> { };

  template<size_t __i, class _Tp, _Tp... _Idx>
    struct tuple_element<__i, integer_sequence<_Tp, _Idx...>>
    {
      static_assert(__i < sizeof...(_Idx));
      using type = _Tp;
    };

  template<size_t __i, class _Tp, _Tp... _Idx>
    struct tuple_element<__i, const integer_sequence<_Tp, _Idx...>>
    {
      static_assert(__i < sizeof...(_Idx));
      using type = _Tp;
    };

  template<size_t __i, class _Tp, _Tp... _Idx>
    [[nodiscard]]
    constexpr _Tp
    get(integer_sequence<_Tp, _Idx...>) noexcept
    {
      static_assert(__i < sizeof...(_Idx));
      return _Idx...[__i];
    }
    /// @}
#endif // __glibcxx_integer_sequence >= 202511L

  /// Alias template make_integer_sequence
  template<typename _Tp, _Tp _Num>
    using make_integer_sequence
#if __has_builtin(__make_integer_seq)
      = __make_integer_seq<integer_sequence, _Tp, _Num>;
#else
      = integer_sequence<_Tp, __integer_pack(_Num)...>;
#endif

  /// Alias template index_sequence
  template<size_t... _Idx>
    using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, _Idx...>;

  /// Alias template make_index_sequence
  template<size_t _Num>
    using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, _Num>;

  /// Alias template index_sequence_for
  template<typename... _Types>
    using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(_Types)>;
#endif // __glibcxx_integer_sequence

#if __cpp_structured_bindings >= 202411L
#if __has_builtin(__integer_pack)
  template <auto _Num, typename _Tp = decltype(_Num)>
    inline constexpr _Tp
    _IotaArray[_Num] = {__integer_pack(_Tp(_Num))...};
#elif defined __glibcxx_integer_sequence
  template <auto _Num, typename _Tp = decltype(_Num), typename = make_integer_sequence<_Tp, _Num>>
    inline constexpr _Tp
    _IotaArray[_Num];

  template <auto _Num, typename _Tp, _Tp... _Is>
    inline constexpr _Tp
    _IotaArray<_Num, _Tp, integer_sequence<_Tp, _Is...>>[_Num] = {_Is...};
#endif // __integer_pack
#endif // __cpp_structured_bindings >= 202411L

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L

  struct in_place_t {
    explicit in_place_t() = default;
  };

  inline constexpr in_place_t in_place{};

  template<typename _Tp> struct in_place_type_t
  {
    explicit in_place_type_t() = default;
  };

  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr in_place_type_t<_Tp> in_place_type{};

  template<size_t _Idx> struct in_place_index_t
  {
    explicit in_place_index_t() = default;
  };

  template<size_t _Idx>
    inline constexpr in_place_index_t<_Idx> in_place_index{};

  template<typename>
    inline constexpr bool __is_in_place_type_v = false;

  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr bool __is_in_place_type_v<in_place_type_t<_Tp>> = true;

  template<typename>
    inline constexpr bool __is_in_place_index_v = false;

  template<size_t _Nm>
    inline constexpr bool __is_in_place_index_v<in_place_index_t<_Nm>> = true;

#endif // C++17

#if _GLIBCXX_USE_BUILTIN_TRAIT(__type_pack_element)
  template<size_t _Np, typename... _Types>
    struct _Nth_type
    { using type = __type_pack_element<_Np, _Types...>; };
#else
  template<size_t _Np, typename... _Types>
    struct _Nth_type
    { };

  template<typename _Tp0, typename... _Rest>
    struct _Nth_type<0, _Tp0, _Rest...>
    { using type = _Tp0; };

  template<typename _Tp0, typename _Tp1, typename... _Rest>
    struct _Nth_type<1, _Tp0, _Tp1, _Rest...>
    { using type = _Tp1; };

  template<typename _Tp0, typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2, typename... _Rest>
    struct _Nth_type<2, _Tp0, _Tp1, _Tp2, _Rest...>
    { using type = _Tp2; };

  template<size_t _Np, typename _Tp0, typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2,
	   typename... _Rest>
#if __cpp_concepts
    requires (_Np >= 3)
#endif
    struct _Nth_type<_Np, _Tp0, _Tp1, _Tp2, _Rest...>
    : _Nth_type<_Np - 3, _Rest...>
    { };

#if ! __cpp_concepts // Need additional specializations to avoid ambiguities.
  template<typename _Tp0, typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2, typename... _Rest>
    struct _Nth_type<0, _Tp0, _Tp1, _Tp2, _Rest...>
    { using type = _Tp0; };

  template<typename _Tp0, typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2, typename... _Rest>
    struct _Nth_type<1, _Tp0, _Tp1, _Tp2, _Rest...>
    { using type = _Tp1; };
#endif
#endif

#if __glibcxx_ranges
  namespace ranges::__detail
  {
    template<typename _Range>
      inline constexpr bool __is_subrange = false;
  } // namespace __detail
#endif

  // A class (and instance) which can be used in 'tie' when an element
  // of a tuple is not required.
  struct _Swallow_assign
  {
    template<class _Tp>
      constexpr const _Swallow_assign&
      operator=(const _Tp&) const noexcept
      { return *this; }
  };

  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 2773. Making std::ignore constexpr
  /** Used with `std::tie` to ignore an element of a tuple
   *
   * When using `std::tie` to assign the elements of a tuple to variables,
   * unwanted elements can be ignored by using `std::ignore`. For example:
   *
   * ```
   * int x, y;
   * std::tie(x, std::ignore, y) = std::make_tuple(1, 2, 3);
   * ```
   *
   * This assignment will perform `x=1; std::ignore=2; y=3;` which results
   * in the second element being ignored.
   *
   * @since C++11
   */
  _GLIBCXX17_INLINE constexpr _Swallow_assign ignore{};

#if __glibcxx_flat_map || __glibcxx_flat_set // >= C++23
  struct sorted_unique_t { explicit sorted_unique_t() = default; };
  inline constexpr sorted_unique_t sorted_unique{};

  struct sorted_equivalent_t { explicit sorted_equivalent_t() = default; };
  inline constexpr sorted_equivalent_t sorted_equivalent{};
#endif

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace

#endif // C++11
#endif /* _GLIBCXX_UTILITY_H */