gcc/rust/typecheck/rust-hir-type-check-struct.cc

// Copyright (C) 2020-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

// This file is part of GCC.

// GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
// Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
// version.

// GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
// WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
// for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

#include "rust-hir-type-check.h"
#include "rust-hir-type-check-expr.h"
#include "rust-hir-type-check-struct-field.h"
#include "rust-type-util.h"

namespace Rust {
namespace Resolver {

TypeCheckStructExpr::TypeCheckStructExpr (HIR::Expr &e)
  : TypeCheckBase (),
    resolved (new TyTy::ErrorType (e.get_mappings ().get_hirid ())),
    struct_path_resolved (nullptr),
    variant (&TyTy::VariantDef::get_error_node ()), parent (e)
{}

TyTy::BaseType *
TypeCheckStructExpr::Resolve (HIR::StructExprStructFields &expr)
{
  TypeCheckStructExpr resolver (expr);
  resolver.resolve (expr);
  return resolver.resolved;
}

void
TypeCheckStructExpr::resolve (HIR::StructExprStructFields &struct_expr)
{
  TyTy::BaseType *struct_path_ty
    = TypeCheckExpr::Resolve (struct_expr.get_struct_name ());
  if (struct_path_ty->get_kind () != TyTy::TypeKind::ADT)
    {
      rust_error_at (struct_expr.get_struct_name ().get_locus (),
		     "expected an ADT type for constructor");
      return;
    }

  struct_path_resolved = static_cast<TyTy::ADTType *> (struct_path_ty);
  TyTy::ADTType *struct_def = struct_path_resolved;
  if (struct_expr.has_struct_base ())
    {
      TyTy::BaseType *base_resolved
	= TypeCheckExpr::Resolve (struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ());
      TyTy::BaseType *base_unify = unify_site (
	struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().get_mappings ().get_hirid (),
	TyTy::TyWithLocation (struct_path_resolved),
	TyTy::TyWithLocation (base_resolved),
	struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().get_locus ());

      if (base_unify->get_kind () != struct_path_ty->get_kind ())
	{
	  rust_error_at (
	    struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().get_locus (),
	    "incompatible types for base struct reference");
	  return;
	}

      struct_def = static_cast<TyTy::ADTType *> (base_unify);
    }

  // figure out the variant
  if (struct_path_resolved->is_enum ())
    {
      // lookup variant id
      HirId variant_id;
      bool ok = context->lookup_variant_definition (
	struct_expr.get_struct_name ().get_mappings ().get_hirid (),
	&variant_id);
      if (!ok)
	{
	  rich_location r (line_table, struct_expr.get_locus ());
	  r.add_range (struct_expr.get_struct_name ().get_locus ());
	  rust_error_at (
	    struct_expr.get_struct_name ().get_locus (), ErrorCode::E0574,
	    "expected a struct, variant or union type, found enum %qs",
	    struct_path_resolved->get_name ().c_str ());
	  return;
	}

      ok = struct_path_resolved->lookup_variant_by_id (variant_id, &variant);
      rust_assert (ok);
    }
  else
    {
      rust_assert (struct_path_resolved->number_of_variants () == 1);
      variant = struct_path_resolved->get_variants ().at (0);
    }

  std::vector<TyTy::StructFieldType *> infered_fields;
  bool ok = true;

  for (auto &field : struct_expr.get_fields ())
    {
      resolved_field_value_expr = nullptr;

      switch (field->get_kind ())
	{
	case HIR::StructExprField::StructExprFieldKind::IDENTIFIER:
	  ok = visit (
	    static_cast<HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifier &> (*field.get ()));
	  break;

	case HIR::StructExprField::StructExprFieldKind::IDENTIFIER_VALUE:
	  ok = visit (
	    static_cast<HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue &> (*field.get ()));
	  break;

	case HIR::StructExprField::StructExprFieldKind::INDEX_VALUE:
	  ok = visit (
	    static_cast<HIR::StructExprFieldIndexValue &> (*field.get ()));
	  break;
	}

      if (ok)
	context->insert_type (field->get_mappings (),
			      resolved_field_value_expr);
    }

  // something failed setting up the fields and error's emitted
  if (!ok)
    return;

  // check the arguments are all assigned and fix up the ordering
  std::vector<std::string> missing_field_names;
  for (auto &field : variant->get_fields ())
    {
      auto it = fields_assigned.find (field->get_name ());
      if (it == fields_assigned.end ())
	{
	  missing_field_names.push_back (field->get_name ());
	}
    }
  if (!missing_field_names.empty ())
    {
      if (struct_def->is_union ())
	{
	  if (fields_assigned.size () != 1 || struct_expr.has_struct_base ())
	    {
	      rust_error_at (
		struct_expr.get_locus (),
		"union must have exactly one field variant assigned");
	      return;
	    }
	}
      else if (!struct_expr.has_struct_base ())
	{
	  Error missing_fields_error
	    = make_missing_field_error (struct_expr.get_locus (),
					missing_field_names,
					struct_path_ty->get_name ());
	  // We might want to return or handle these in the future emit for now.
	  missing_fields_error.emit ();
	  return;
	}
      else
	{
	  // we have a struct base to assign the missing fields from.
	  // the missing fields can be implicit FieldAccessExprs for the value
	  std::set<std::string> missing_fields;
	  for (auto &field : variant->get_fields ())
	    {
	      auto it = fields_assigned.find (field->get_name ());
	      if (it == fields_assigned.end ())
		missing_fields.insert (field->get_name ());
	    }

	  // we can generate FieldAccessExpr or TupleAccessExpr for the
	  // values of the missing fields.
	  for (auto &missing : missing_fields)
	    {
	      HIR::Expr *receiver
		= struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().clone_expr_impl ();

	      HIR::StructExprField *implicit_field = nullptr;

	      AST::AttrVec outer_attribs;
	      auto crate_num = mappings.get_current_crate ();
	      Analysis::NodeMapping mapping (crate_num,
					     struct_expr.get_struct_base ()
					       .get_base ()
					       .get_mappings ()
					       .get_nodeid (),
					     mappings.get_next_hir_id (
					       crate_num),
					     UNKNOWN_LOCAL_DEFID);

	      HIR::Expr *field_value = new HIR::FieldAccessExpr (
		mapping, std::unique_ptr<HIR::Expr> (receiver), missing,
		std::move (outer_attribs),
		struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().get_locus ());

	      implicit_field = new HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue (
		mapping, missing, std::unique_ptr<HIR::Expr> (field_value),
		struct_expr.get_struct_base ().get_base ().get_locus ());

	      size_t field_index;
	      bool ok = variant->lookup_field (missing, nullptr, &field_index);
	      rust_assert (ok);

	      adtFieldIndexToField[field_index] = implicit_field;
	      struct_expr.get_fields ().push_back (
		std::unique_ptr<HIR::StructExprField> (implicit_field));
	    }
	}
    }

  if (struct_def->is_union ())
    {
      // There is exactly one field in this constructor, we need to
      // figure out the field index to make sure we initialize the
      // right union field.
      for (size_t i = 0; i < adtFieldIndexToField.size (); i++)
	{
	  if (adtFieldIndexToField[i])
	    {
	      struct_expr.union_index = i;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      rust_assert (struct_expr.union_index != -1);
    }
  else
    {
      // everything is ok, now we need to ensure all field values are ordered
      // correctly. The GIMPLE backend uses a simple algorithm that assumes each
      // assigned field in the constructor is in the same order as the field in
      // the type
      for (auto &field : struct_expr.get_fields ())
	field.release ();

      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<HIR::StructExprField> > ordered_fields;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < adtFieldIndexToField.size (); i++)
	{
	  ordered_fields.push_back (
	    std::unique_ptr<HIR::StructExprField> (adtFieldIndexToField[i]));
	}
      struct_expr.set_fields_as_owner (std::move (ordered_fields));
    }

  resolved = struct_def;
}

bool
TypeCheckStructExpr::visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifierValue &field)
{
  size_t field_index;
  TyTy::StructFieldType *field_type;
  bool ok = variant->lookup_field (field.field_name.as_string (), &field_type,
				   &field_index);
  if (!ok)
    {
      rich_location r (line_table, parent.get_locus ());
      r.add_range (field.get_locus ());
      rust_error_at (r, ErrorCode::E0560, "unknown field %qs",
		     field.field_name.as_string ().c_str ());
      return false;
    }

  auto it = adtFieldIndexToField.find (field_index);
  if (it != adtFieldIndexToField.end ())
    {
      rich_location repeat_location (line_table, field.get_locus ());
      auto prev_field_locus = it->second->get_locus ();
      repeat_location.add_range (prev_field_locus);

      rust_error_at (repeat_location, ErrorCode::E0062,
		     "field %qs specified more than once",
		     field.field_name.as_string ().c_str ());
      return false;
    }

  TyTy::BaseType *value = TypeCheckExpr::Resolve (field.get_value ());
  location_t value_locus = field.get_value ().get_locus ();

  HirId coercion_site_id = field.get_mappings ().get_hirid ();
  resolved_field_value_expr
    = coercion_site (coercion_site_id,
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (field_type->get_field_type (),
					   field_type->get_locus ()),
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (value, value_locus),
		     field.get_locus ());
  if (resolved_field_value_expr != nullptr)
    {
      fields_assigned.insert (field.field_name.as_string ());
      adtFieldIndexToField[field_index] = &field;
    }

  return true;
}

bool
TypeCheckStructExpr::visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIndexValue &field)
{
  std::string field_name (std::to_string (field.get_tuple_index ()));

  size_t field_index;
  TyTy::StructFieldType *field_type;
  bool ok = variant->lookup_field (field_name, &field_type, &field_index);
  if (!ok)
    {
      rich_location r (line_table, parent.get_locus ());
      r.add_range (field.get_locus ());
      rust_error_at (r, ErrorCode::E0560, "unknown field %qs",
		     field_name.c_str ());
      return false;
    }

  auto it = adtFieldIndexToField.find (field_index);
  if (it != adtFieldIndexToField.end ())
    {
      rich_location repeat_location (line_table, field.get_locus ());
      auto prev_field_locus = it->second->get_locus ();
      repeat_location.add_range (prev_field_locus);

      rust_error_at (repeat_location, ErrorCode::E0062,
		     "field %qs specified more than once",
		     field_name.c_str ());
      return false;
    }

  TyTy::BaseType *value = TypeCheckExpr::Resolve (field.get_value ());
  location_t value_locus = field.get_value ().get_locus ();

  HirId coercion_site_id = field.get_mappings ().get_hirid ();
  resolved_field_value_expr
    = coercion_site (coercion_site_id,
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (field_type->get_field_type (),
					   field_type->get_locus ()),
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (value, value_locus),
		     field.get_locus ());
  if (resolved_field_value_expr != nullptr)
    {
      fields_assigned.insert (field_name);
      adtFieldIndexToField[field_index] = &field;
    }

  return true;
}

bool
TypeCheckStructExpr::visit (HIR::StructExprFieldIdentifier &field)
{
  size_t field_index;
  TyTy::StructFieldType *field_type;
  bool ok = variant->lookup_field (field.get_field_name ().as_string (),
				   &field_type, &field_index);
  if (!ok)
    {
      rust_error_at (field.get_locus (), "unknown field");
      return true;
    }

  auto it = adtFieldIndexToField.find (field_index);
  if (it != adtFieldIndexToField.end ())
    {
      rich_location repeat_location (line_table, field.get_locus ());
      auto prev_field_locus = it->second->get_locus ();
      repeat_location.add_range (prev_field_locus);

      rust_error_at (repeat_location, ErrorCode::E0062,
		     "field %qs specified more than once",
		     field.get_field_name ().as_string ().c_str ());
      return false;
    }

  // we can make the field look like a path expr to take advantage of existing
  // code
  Analysis::NodeMapping mappings_copy1 = field.get_mappings ();
  Analysis::NodeMapping mappings_copy2 = field.get_mappings ();

  HIR::PathIdentSegment ident_seg (field.get_field_name ().as_string ());
  HIR::PathExprSegment seg (mappings_copy1, ident_seg, field.get_locus (),
			    HIR::GenericArgs::create_empty ());
  HIR::PathInExpression expr (mappings_copy2, {seg}, field.get_locus (), false,
			      {});
  TyTy::BaseType *value = TypeCheckExpr::Resolve (expr);
  location_t value_locus = expr.get_locus ();

  HirId coercion_site_id = field.get_mappings ().get_hirid ();
  resolved_field_value_expr
    = coercion_site (coercion_site_id,
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (field_type->get_field_type (),
					   field_type->get_locus ()),
		     TyTy::TyWithLocation (value, value_locus),
		     field.get_locus ());
  if (resolved_field_value_expr != nullptr)

    {
      fields_assigned.insert (field.get_field_name ().as_string ());
      adtFieldIndexToField[field_index] = &field;
    }

  return true;
}

Error
TypeCheckStructExpr::make_missing_field_error (
  location_t locus, const std::vector<std::string> &missing_field_names,
  const std::string &struct_name)
{
  // Message plurality depends on size
  if (missing_field_names.size () == 1)
    {
      return Error (locus, ErrorCode::E0063,
		    "missing field %s in initializer of %qs",
		    missing_field_names[0].c_str (), struct_name.c_str ());
    }
  // Make comma separated string for display
  std::stringstream display_field_names;
  bool first = true;
  for (auto &name : missing_field_names)
    {
      if (!first)
	{
	  display_field_names << ", ";
	}
      first = false;
      display_field_names << name;
    }
  return Error (locus, ErrorCode::E0063,
		"missing fields %s in initializer of %qs",
		display_field_names.str ().c_str (), struct_name.c_str ());
}

} // namespace Resolver
} // namespace Rust