gcc/doc/gcc.texi - gcc.git - Git at Google

 \input texinfo  @c -*-texinfo-*-
 @c %**start of header
 @setfilename gcc.info
 @c INTERNALS is used by md.texi to determine whether to include the
 @c whole of that file, in the internals manual, or only the part
 @c dealing with constraints, in the user manual.
 @clear INTERNALS

 @c NOTE: checks/things to do:
 @c
 @c -have bob do a search in all seven files for "mew" (ideally --mew,
 @c  but i may have forgotten the occasional "--"..).
 @c     Just checked... all have `--'!  Bob 22Jul96
 @c     Use this to search:   grep -n '\-\-mew' *.texi
 @c -item/itemx, text after all (sub/sub)section titles, etc..
 @c -consider putting the lists of options on pp 17--> etc in columns or
 @c  some such.
 @c -overfulls.  do a search for "mew" in the files, and you will see
 @c   overfulls that i noted but could not deal with.
 @c -have to add text:  beginning of chapter 8

 @c
 @c anything else?                       --mew 10feb93

 @include gcc-common.texi

 @settitle Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

 @c Create a separate index for command line options.
 @defcodeindex op
 @c Merge the standard indexes into a single one.
 @syncodeindex fn cp
 @syncodeindex vr cp
 @syncodeindex ky cp
 @syncodeindex pg cp
 @syncodeindex tp cp

 @paragraphindent 1

 @documentlanguage en_US
 @c %**end of header

 @copying
 This file documents the use of the GNU compilers.

 Copyright @copyright{} 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
 Invariant Sections being ``Funding Free Software'', the Front-Cover
 Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
 (see below).  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
 ``GNU Free Documentation License''.

 (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:

 @quotation
      A GNU Manual
 @end quotation

 (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:

 @quotation
      You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
      software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
      funds for GNU development.
 @end quotation
 @end copying
 @ifnottex
 @dircategory Software development
 @direntry
 * gcc: (gcc).                  The GNU Compiler Collection.
 * g++: (gcc).                  The GNU C++ compiler.
 * gcov: (gcc) Gcov.            @command{gcov}---a test coverage program.
 * gcov-tool: (gcc) Gcov-tool.  @command{gcov-tool}---an offline gcda profile processing program.
 * gcov-dump: (gcc) Gcov-dump.  @command{gcov-dump}---an offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool.
 * lto-dump: (gcc) lto-dump.    @command{lto-dump}---Tool for
 dumping LTO object files.
 @end direntry
 @sp 1
 @insertcopying
 @sp 1
 @end ifnottex

 @setchapternewpage odd
 @titlepage
 @title Using the GNU Compiler Collection
 @versionsubtitle
 @author Richard M. Stallman and the @sc{GCC} Developer Community
 @page
 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
 Published by:
 @multitable @columnfractions 0.5 0.5
 @item GNU Press
 @tab Website: @uref{http://www.gnupress.org}
 @item a division of the
 @tab General: @email{press@@gnu.org}
 @item Free Software Foundation
 @tab Orders:  @email{sales@@gnu.org}
 @item 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
 @tab Tel 617-542-5942
 @item Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 @tab Fax 617-542-2652
 @end multitable
 @sp 2
 @ifset FSFPRINT
 @c Update this ISBN when printing a new edition.
 @acronym{ISBN} 1-882114-39-6

 Cover art by Gary M. Torrisi.  Cover design by Jonathan Richard.
 @end ifset
 @ifclear FSFPRINT
 Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1.@*
 Printed copies are available for $45 each.
 @end ifclear
 @sp 1
 @insertcopying
 @end titlepage
 @summarycontents
 @contents
 @page

 @node Top, G++ and GCC
 @top Introduction
 @cindex introduction

 This manual documents how to use the GNU compilers,
 as well as their features and incompatibilities, and how to report
 bugs.  It corresponds to the compilers
 @ifset VERSION_PACKAGE
 @value{VERSION_PACKAGE}
 @end ifset
 version @value{version-GCC}.
 The internals of the GNU compilers, including how to port them to new
 targets and some information about how to write front ends for new
 languages, are documented in a separate manual.  @xref{Top,,
 Introduction, gccint, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals}.

 @menu
 * G++ and GCC::     You can compile C or C++ programs.
 * Standards::       Language standards supported by GCC.
 * Invoking GCC::    Command options supported by @samp{gcc}.
 * C Implementation:: How GCC implements the ISO C specification.
 * C++ Implementation:: How GCC implements the ISO C++ specification.
 * C Extensions::    GNU extensions to the C language family.
 * Built-in Functions:: Library functions built in to GCC.
 * C++ Extensions::  GNU extensions to the C++ language.
 * Objective-C::     GNU Objective-C runtime features.
 * Compatibility::   Binary Compatibility
 * Gcov::            @command{gcov}---a test coverage program.
 * Gcov-tool::       @command{gcov-tool}---an offline gcda profile processing program.
 * Gcov-dump::       @command{gcov-dump}---an offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool.
 * lto-dump::        @command{lto-dump}---Tool for dumping LTO
 object files.
 * Trouble::         If you have trouble using GCC.
 * Bugs::            How, why and where to report bugs.
 * Service::         How To Get Help with GCC
 * Contributing::    How to contribute to testing and developing GCC.

 * Funding::         How to help assure funding for free software.
 * GNU Project::     The GNU Project and GNU/Linux.

 * Copying::         GNU General Public License says
                     how you can copy and share GCC.
 * GNU Free Documentation License:: How you can copy and share this manual.
 * Contributors::    People who have contributed to GCC.

 * Indices::         List of indices in this manual.
 @end menu

 @include frontends.texi
 @include standards.texi
 @include invoke.texi
 @include implement-c.texi
 @include implement-cxx.texi
 @include extend.texi
 @include objc.texi
 @include compat.texi
 @include gcov.texi
 @include gcov-tool.texi
 @include gcov-dump.texi
 @include lto-dump.texi
 @include trouble.texi
 @include bugreport.texi
 @include service.texi
 @include contribute.texi

 @include funding.texi
 @include gnu.texi
 @include gpl_v3.texi

 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 @c GFDL
 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

 @include fdl.texi

 @include contrib.texi

 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 @c Indexes
 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

 @node Indices
 @appendix Indices

 @menu
 * Option Index::                Index to command line options.
 * Concept and Symbol Index::    Index of concepts and symbols names.
 @end menu

 @node Option Index
 @appendixsec Option Index

 GCC's command line options are indexed here without any initial
 @samp{-} or @samp{--}.  Where an option has both positive and negative
 forms (such as @option{-f@var{option}} and
 @option{-fno-@var{option}}), relevant entries in the manual are
 indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to
 look up both forms.

 @printindex op

 @node Concept and Symbol Index
 @appendixsec Concept and Symbol Index

 @printindex cp

 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 @c Epilogue
 @c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

 @bye
	\input texinfo @c --texinfo--
	@c %**start of header
	@setfilename gcc.info
	@c INTERNALS is used by md.texi to determine whether to include the
	@c whole of that file, in the internals manual, or only the part
	@c dealing with constraints, in the user manual.
	@clear INTERNALS

	@c NOTE: checks/things to do:
	@c
	@c -have bob do a search in all seven files for "mew" (ideally --mew,
	@c but i may have forgotten the occasional "--"..).
	@c Just checked... all have `--'! Bob 22Jul96
	@c Use this to search: grep -n '\-\-mew' *.texi
	@c -item/itemx, text after all (sub/sub)section titles, etc..
	@c -consider putting the lists of options on pp 17--> etc in columns or
	@c some such.
	@c -overfulls. do a search for "mew" in the files, and you will see
	@c overfulls that i noted but could not deal with.
	@c -have to add text: beginning of chapter 8

	@c
	@c anything else? --mew 10feb93

	@include gcc-common.texi

	@settitle Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

	@c Create a separate index for command line options.
	@defcodeindex op
	@c Merge the standard indexes into a single one.
	@syncodeindex fn cp
	@syncodeindex vr cp
	@syncodeindex ky cp
	@syncodeindex pg cp
	@syncodeindex tp cp

	@paragraphindent 1

	@documentlanguage en_US
	@c %**end of header

	@copying
	This file documents the use of the GNU compilers.

	Copyright @copyright{} 1988-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

	Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
	under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
	any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
	Invariant Sections being ``Funding Free Software'', the Front-Cover
	Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b)
	(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
	``GNU Free Documentation License''.

	(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:

	@quotation
	A GNU Manual
	@end quotation

	(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:

	@quotation
	You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
	software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
	funds for GNU development.
	@end quotation
	@end copying
	@ifnottex
	@dircategory Software development
	@direntry
	* gcc: (gcc). The GNU Compiler Collection.
	* g++: (gcc). The GNU C++ compiler.
	* gcov: (gcc) Gcov. @command{gcov}---a test coverage program.
	* gcov-tool: (gcc) Gcov-tool. @command{gcov-tool}---an offline gcda profile processing program.
	* gcov-dump: (gcc) Gcov-dump. @command{gcov-dump}---an offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool.
	* lto-dump: (gcc) lto-dump. @command{lto-dump}---Tool for
	dumping LTO object files.
	@end direntry
	@sp 1
	@insertcopying
	@sp 1
	@end ifnottex

	@setchapternewpage odd
	@titlepage
	@title Using the GNU Compiler Collection
	@versionsubtitle
	@author Richard M. Stallman and the @sc{GCC} Developer Community
	@page
	@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
	Published by:
	@multitable @columnfractions 0.5 0.5
	@item GNU Press
	@tab Website: @uref{http://www.gnupress.org}
	@item a division of the
	@tab General: @email{press@@gnu.org}
	@item Free Software Foundation
	@tab Orders: @email{sales@@gnu.org}
	@item 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
	@tab Tel 617-542-5942
	@item Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
	@tab Fax 617-542-2652
	@end multitable
	@sp 2
	@ifset FSFPRINT
	@c Update this ISBN when printing a new edition.
	@acronym{ISBN} 1-882114-39-6

	Cover art by Gary M. Torrisi. Cover design by Jonathan Richard.
	@end ifset
	@ifclear FSFPRINT
	Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1.@*
	Printed copies are available for $45 each.
	@end ifclear
	@sp 1
	@insertcopying
	@end titlepage
	@summarycontents
	@contents
	@page

	@node Top, G++ and GCC
	@top Introduction
	@cindex introduction

	This manual documents how to use the GNU compilers,
	as well as their features and incompatibilities, and how to report
	bugs. It corresponds to the compilers
	@ifset VERSION_PACKAGE
	@value{VERSION_PACKAGE}
	@end ifset
	version @value{version-GCC}.
	The internals of the GNU compilers, including how to port them to new
	targets and some information about how to write front ends for new
	languages, are documented in a separate manual. @xref{Top,,
	Introduction, gccint, GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals}.

	@menu
	* G++ and GCC:: You can compile C or C++ programs.
	* Standards:: Language standards supported by GCC.
	* Invoking GCC:: Command options supported by @samp{gcc}.
	* C Implementation:: How GCC implements the ISO C specification.
	* C++ Implementation:: How GCC implements the ISO C++ specification.
	* C Extensions:: GNU extensions to the C language family.
	* Built-in Functions:: Library functions built in to GCC.
	* C++ Extensions:: GNU extensions to the C++ language.
	* Objective-C:: GNU Objective-C runtime features.
	* Compatibility:: Binary Compatibility
	* Gcov:: @command{gcov}---a test coverage program.
	* Gcov-tool:: @command{gcov-tool}---an offline gcda profile processing program.
	* Gcov-dump:: @command{gcov-dump}---an offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool.
	* lto-dump:: @command{lto-dump}---Tool for dumping LTO
	object files.
	* Trouble:: If you have trouble using GCC.
	* Bugs:: How, why and where to report bugs.
	* Service:: How To Get Help with GCC
	* Contributing:: How to contribute to testing and developing GCC.

	* Funding:: How to help assure funding for free software.
	* GNU Project:: The GNU Project and GNU/Linux.

	* Copying:: GNU General Public License says
	how you can copy and share GCC.
	* GNU Free Documentation License:: How you can copy and share this manual.
	* Contributors:: People who have contributed to GCC.

	* Indices:: List of indices in this manual.
	@end menu

	@include frontends.texi
	@include standards.texi
	@include invoke.texi
	@include implement-c.texi
	@include implement-cxx.texi
	@include extend.texi
	@include objc.texi
	@include compat.texi
	@include gcov.texi
	@include gcov-tool.texi
	@include gcov-dump.texi
	@include lto-dump.texi
	@include trouble.texi
	@include bugreport.texi
	@include service.texi
	@include contribute.texi

	@include funding.texi
	@include gnu.texi
	@include gpl_v3.texi

	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	@c GFDL
	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@include fdl.texi

	@include contrib.texi

	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	@c Indexes
	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@node Indices
	@appendix Indices

	@menu
	* Option Index:: Index to command line options.
	* Concept and Symbol Index:: Index of concepts and symbols names.
	@end menu

	@node Option Index
	@appendixsec Option Index

	GCC's command line options are indexed here without any initial
	@samp{-} or @samp{--}. Where an option has both positive and negative
	forms (such as @option{-f@var{option}} and
	@option{-fno-@var{option}}), relevant entries in the manual are
	indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to
	look up both forms.

	@printindex op

	@node Concept and Symbol Index
	@appendixsec Concept and Symbol Index

	@printindex cp

	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	@c Epilogue
	@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------

	@bye