|  | /* Support routines for the intrinsic power (**) operator. | 
|  | Copyright (C) 2004-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 
|  | Contributed by Paul Brook | 
|  |  | 
|  | This file is part of the GNU Fortran 95 runtime library (libgfortran). | 
|  |  | 
|  | Libgfortran is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | 
|  | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public | 
|  | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either | 
|  | version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Libgfortran is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | 
|  | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | 
|  | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the | 
|  | GNU General Public License for more details. | 
|  |  | 
|  | Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional | 
|  | permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version | 
|  | 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. | 
|  |  | 
|  | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and | 
|  | a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; | 
|  | see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see | 
|  | <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */ | 
|  |  | 
|  | #include "libgfortran.h" | 
|  |  | 
|  |  | 
|  | /* Use Binary Method to calculate the powi. This is not an optimal but | 
|  | a simple and reasonable arithmetic. See section 4.6.3, "Evaluation of | 
|  | Powers" of Donald E. Knuth, "Seminumerical Algorithms", Vol. 2, "The Art | 
|  | of Computer Programming", 3rd Edition, 1998.  */ | 
|  |  | 
|  | #if defined (HAVE_GFC_COMPLEX_16) && defined (HAVE_GFC_INTEGER_8) | 
|  |  | 
|  | GFC_COMPLEX_16 pow_c16_i8 (GFC_COMPLEX_16 a, GFC_INTEGER_8 b); | 
|  | export_proto(pow_c16_i8); | 
|  |  | 
|  | GFC_COMPLEX_16 | 
|  | pow_c16_i8 (GFC_COMPLEX_16 a, GFC_INTEGER_8 b) | 
|  | { | 
|  | GFC_COMPLEX_16 pow, x; | 
|  | GFC_INTEGER_8 n; | 
|  | GFC_UINTEGER_8 u; | 
|  |  | 
|  | n = b; | 
|  | x = a; | 
|  | pow = 1; | 
|  | if (n != 0) | 
|  | { | 
|  | if (n < 0) | 
|  | { | 
|  |  | 
|  | u = -n; | 
|  | x = pow / x; | 
|  | } | 
|  | else | 
|  | { | 
|  | u = n; | 
|  | } | 
|  | for (;;) | 
|  | { | 
|  | if (u & 1) | 
|  | pow *= x; | 
|  | u >>= 1; | 
|  | if (u) | 
|  | x *= x; | 
|  | else | 
|  | break; | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  | return pow; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | #endif |