libstdc++: Check static assertions earlier in chrono::duration

This ensures that we fail a static assertion before giving any other
errors. Instantiating chrono::duration<int, chrono::seconds> will now
print this before the other errors caused by it:

error: static assertion failed: period must be a specialization of ratio

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/bits/chrono.h (duration): Check preconditions on
	template arguments before using them.
diff --git a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/chrono.h b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/chrono.h
index 05987ca..cabf612 100644
--- a/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/chrono.h
+++ b/libstdc++-v3/include/bits/chrono.h
@@ -433,6 +433,11 @@
     template<typename _Rep, typename _Period>
       struct duration
       {
+	static_assert(!__is_duration<_Rep>::value, "rep cannot be a duration");
+	static_assert(__is_ratio<_Period>::value,
+		      "period must be a specialization of ratio");
+	static_assert(_Period::num > 0, "period must be positive");
+
       private:
 	template<typename _Rep2>
 	  using __is_float = treat_as_floating_point<_Rep2>;
@@ -478,11 +483,6 @@
 	using rep = _Rep;
 	using period = typename _Period::type;
 
-	static_assert(!__is_duration<_Rep>::value, "rep cannot be a duration");
-	static_assert(__is_ratio<_Period>::value,
-		      "period must be a specialization of ratio");
-	static_assert(_Period::num > 0, "period must be positive");
-
 	// 20.11.5.1 construction / copy / destroy
 	constexpr duration() = default;